Environmental Science Report essay

Ecological Science Report exposition Ecological Science Report exposition Ecological Science Report essayIt is certifiably not a mystery that water contamination is one of the major natural concerns today. Water assumes a significant job not just in human utilization, water system and transportation framework, yet in addition it assumes a significant job in offering help to life chain working. The difficult that will be tended to in this paper is water contamination. The Gowanus Canal, in Brooklyn, New York, is one of the areas that create genuine natural issues. The Canal is 1.8 mile long and 100 foot wide. A wide scope of contaminations are found in this area. The Gowanus Canal used to be a noteworthy mechanical way, which represented flourishing of the country, however now it is a wellbeing peril for the country (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency, 2014).  The Gowanus Canal is limited by Park Slope, Cobble Hill, Carroll Gardens and Red Hook. The trench streams into New York Harbor. The development of the Canal was finish ed in 1869 so as to make the Gowanus Canal the key transportation course for New York City. There are numerous modern offices working along the trench, including â€Å"manufactured gas plants, factories, tanneries, and concoction plants† (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency, 2014). The significant objective of this report is to explore current ecological concerns becoming familiar with Superfund or landfill locales in assigned regions in and around NYC. The examination will be centered around the investigation of water contamination of the Gowanus Canal Superfund site.ResearchDescription of the verifiable point of view on the issue/issueThe Gowanus Canal was worked in 1869 to play out the elements of the major mechanical transportation course in NYC. Tainting of the Canal is brought about by hurtful substances or mechanical squanders from three made gas plants, a few paper factories, tanneries and synthetic plants, which are working along the Can al. Furthermore, sullying is brought about by floods from the neighborhood sewer frameworks that bring household squanders from homes and water from storm channels (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, 2014). The issue of water defilement is certainly not another ecological concern. If not appropriately controlled, the issue of water defilement may prompt environmental catastrophe in the area. Without a doubt, this natural concern ought to be limited by methods for powerful techniques. The issue of water sullying has been tended to by various natural associations, including the Environmental Protection Agency.Realization of the issue/issueIt is realized that the issues of the Gowanus Ð ¡anal have been distinguished on March 2, 2010 by the Environmental Protection Agency, when the Gowanus Canal was added to the Agency’s Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). The tainting of the Gownaus Canal has been appropriately examined at the site so as to create powerful ways to deal with address current ecological problems.The kinds of hazard appraisals done so as to understand the issue/issueAccording to the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, â€Å"actual or compromised arrivals of risky substances from the Site, if not tended to by executing the reaction activity, may introduce an up and coming and considerable peril to general wellbeing, government assistance or the environment† (Record of Decision, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, 2014). To survey the dangers, the Environmental Protection Agency led a Remedial Investigation, which assisted with describing the idea of defilement in the Canal, its degree, the significant human wellbeing and natural dangers from presentation to pollution, the significant wellsprings of sullying, and the key physical and concoction attributes of the site that will influence the determination of the best possible cleanup procedures (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014) . The primary sorts of hazard appraisal incorporated a â€Å"bathymetric study, dregs, groundwater, surface water, air, fish tissue testing, and an examination of many channels that lead to the Canal† (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014). During the examination, in excess of 500 examples of residue from the Gowanus Canal were gathered by the environmentalists, just as in excess of 80 water tests, which distinguished the nearness of different contaminants. Furthermore, the biologists gathered around 200 fish, for example, striped bass, blue crab, eel and white roost so as to give a thorough examination of their tissue for the nearness of contaminants. What's more, they gathered air tests at the site where individuals would inhale while drifting and angling in the Canal (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014). The examining has demonstrated that water contamination water in the Canal is intensely contaminated.The significant potential poison s that may have influenced a communityThe potential poisons that may have influenced the nearby network have been appropriately explored by biologists. All things considered, the Gowanus Canal as a modern trench, and numerous contaminations have been found in its waters, in view of late examinations (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency. 2014). Because of constant release activities, customary tempest water spillover, ebb and flow sewer surges and a wide scope of mechanical poisons, the Gowanus Canal has gone to the most broadly dirtied water body. The significant poisons incorporate polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), coal tar squanders, overwhelming metals (mercury, lead and copper) and unpredictable organics (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency. 2014). Along these lines, the pollution of the channel represents a genuine danger to the neighborhood networks, including the individual s who utilize the Gowanus Canal for different exercises, for example, angling and amusement activities.The media poisons voyaged throughThe media, poisons went through, incorporate three significant wellsprings of water sullying of the Canal: first, the sewage; second, the contiguous ventures, and third, the developing nearby network. For instance, the Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) is one of the significant wellsprings of sullying of the Canal (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency. 2014).The major direct impacts from harmful harming in a communityToxic harming effectsly affects people, vegetation of oceanic life. For instance, Polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs) effectsly affect amphibian life forms and people. This harmful substance has caused tumors in individuals and creatures when they have extensive stretches of skin contact with it. Individuals uncovered by skin contact to PAHs and different mixes in water can likewise create skin illnesses (Pub lic Health Statement for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 1995).â Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) effectsly affect insusceptible framework and sensory system. Coal tar squanders, overwhelming metals (mercury, lead and copper) and unpredictable organics effectsly affect propagation capacity and lead to harming of organs (for example kidney brokenness, liver harmfulness, lung and respiratory maladies) and resistant capacity disorders.The logical information used to check the issue/issueThe logical information that can be utilized to confirm the issue/issue examined in this paper incorporates information diagrams and charts gave by the Environmental Protection Agency.Policy and RecommendationThe significant arrangement and monetary advancements that occurred so as to remediate the issue/issueThe significant strategies and financial improvements occurred so as to remediate the issue of the Gowanus Canal defilement. As per Pearsall (2013), â€Å"municipal governments have fus ed brownfield redevelopment programs into urban supportability intends to empower the redevelopment of the site into profitable uses† (p. 2293). Because of joint activities of the legislature and natural foundations, viable activities have been created to lessen the danger of tainting. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act administer the waters released to the Gowanus trench. In 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency finished the improvement of Cleanup Plan for the Gowanus Canal Superfund Site. The approach requires burning through $506 million for cleanup techniques to expel polluted dregs (Rodriguez, 2013).The genuine remediation methodology used to deliver this problemIn request to remediate the issue, the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency built up the correct techniques to address the issue of polluted residue. A portion of the segments of the real remediation method incorporate digging of amassed substance-tainted dregs put away over the commo n silt of the channel, the purported delicate dregs; development of an extraordinarily created multi-layered topping so as to forestall the development of polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons (PAHs) and remaining NAPL from regular residue, digging of the delicate silt found in the lower reach of the Gowanus Canal, giving off-Site warm treatment of dug silt and turning bowls, upkeep and control of the site, and other powerful cures. When all is said in done, in December 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency built up the draft of Feasibility Study, which evaluated the best choices for decreasing all dangers to human wellbeing and the common habitat from introduction to defiled water and residue in the Gowanus Canal (Feasibility Study: Gowanus Canal, 2011).Conclusion           Thus, it is important to infer that the issue of water contamination has been generally talked about by scientists as the Gowanus Canal speaks to expanded industrialization rate, yet in addition disregard of the nearby specialists and the U.S. government. Today the Gowanus Canal is seen as a

Business Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law Coursework - Essay Example (or on the other hand Divies) under the standard of vicarious risk. Boxes may in like manner have a case for noteworthy monetary misfortune. For Abraham and Crates to effectively guarantee under the law of tort, it must be shown that the components making up a fruitful case of carelessness exist: obligation, break, causation, and harm. On account of Lochgelly Iron and Coal Co. v M'Mullan (1934), it was expressed that the tort of carelessness 'appropriately means the complex of obligation, penetrate and harm in this manner endured by the individual to whom the obligation was owing'. It was in like manner expressed in Burton v Islington (1992) that 'it is presently rudimentary that the tort of carelessness includes three factors: an obligation of care, a break of that obligation and ensuing harm.' Based on the previous choices, the tort of carelessness to be noteworthy must have the accompanying components: (1) there is a legitimate obligation of care owed by litigant to the offended party; (2) a penetrate of that lawful obligation of care comprising of a demonstration or exclusion by the respondent; and (3) subsequent harm with respect to the offended party therefore such act or oversight by the respondent. [see additionally Markesinis, p. 69 (1999)] In the ongoing instance of Jones v BBC, 2007 WL 2187023 (QBD), Jones, an independent sound recordist for respondent BBC, guaranteed that he endured individual injury brought about by the carelessness of the litigants. During a chronicle of the bringing down of a windmill pole, and keeping in mind that Jones was strolling under the slanted pole, the windmill rotor fell onto his back causing serious spinal injury rendering him paraplegic. In administering for the petitioner, the court expressed that the BBC, as business, had accepted accountability for the wellbeing and security of consultants when they take a shot at BBC creations. Since the wellbeing group had distinguished a danger of the falling pole, a conversation before recording ought to have been made to caution the team not to go underneath it. Be that as it may, the wellbeing group didn't give the admonition. Such disappointment of BBC, through the wellbeing group, is viewed as careless which caused Jones' mishap. It had bee n held that it was officeholder upon BBC, its wellbeing team and the proprietors of the homestead as occupiers of the site to make strides further to those they had taken to guarantee that the BBC group didn't go under the pole during its bringing down. In the moment case, the shop chief penetrated the legitimate obligation of care expected of him considering the present situation when he neglected to give a wellbeing cautioning or risk cautioning subsequent to opening the windows onto the asphalt since it is sensibly predictable that such window impedes the way of the person on foot and is destined to cause a mishap. In this way, on account of Crowther v Kirklees Metropolitan Council (2006), the petitioner emergency vehicle driver asserted harms for individual wounds she supported when she went to the place of a patient where the road was a restricted circular drive without any pathways. At the point when offended party escaped the rescue vehicle and set her correct foot on the pro gression, as it was a high drop to the street, and her left foot on the ground, it entered an enormous imperfection revolved around a round utility spread estimating 5cm top to bottom, 40cm in width and 46 cm long. At the point when her foot entered the deformity, she went over to her left side lower leg, which she stressed. In administering for the offended party, the court expressed that it was sensibly predictable that the imperfection could bring about injury to people on foot. The

Activities to enhance learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exercises to upgrade learning - Essay Example Innovation can be utilized to upgrade learning and instruction. Customary homerooms are progressively being supplanted by virtual study halls in the globalized instruction framework. A portion of the frameworks that can be utilized in the advancement of internet learning incorporate the utilization of the crowd reaction frameworks and clickers. Simultaneously, propelled organizations are utilizing reenactment in the labs to set up the understudies from the expert market encounters. Separation learning happens when the student is isolated from the instructor geologically and time-wise. As per instructional innovation, separation learning is the way toward stretching out asset sharing chances to different homerooms using video and sight and sound interchanges. This article targets having an innovative investigate the online exercises that improve understudy learning, evaluation and commitment through basic reasoning. These logical proposals can enormously improve the learning results o f the N534 course. The Internet is one of the most significant media with regards to web based learning condition and innovation. Web based adapting particularly in nursing is known to diminish existence obstructions during the time spent learning. Web based learning can be altogether electronic or a cross breed of learning conditions. Cross breed learning will in general join virtual learning systems with up close and personal learning. The Internet is known to have presented the idea of pluralisation of spot. This implies people and take an interest in numerous situations utilizing a virtual air. On account of web based learning, the educator is liable for directing and coaching understudies. Be that as it may, the understudies are relied upon to have a solid self-drive. The e-learning air is known to give a stage to students’ conversations over the mainlands (Allen, 2007). Understudies in a nursing class can get to online assets, share significant records through online ap plications and submit assessment in the online homeroom (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). Innovation has permitted online understudies to associate with resources and guides. In the web based learning condition, materials are introduced through recording, sound taping, and connections to sites. There are intuitive sites intended to have web based learning situations (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). On account of learning conditions, the association can be constant, which is otherwise called simultaneous, or offbeat. Coordinated online connections involve the utilization of talk room during the time spent instructing (Allen, 2007). This includes composing. Nonconcurrent correspondence implies leaving messages that others can peruse in their comfort (Shea-Schultz and Fogarty, 2002). In the web based learning procedure, the whole projects and gathering courses are offered on the web. Online students can go to virtual colleges like California Virtual University. There are one of a kind materials that fill in as a methods for advancing internet learning and educating. Effective learning must be evaluated all the time. The technique for learning has an incredible effect during the time spent learning (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). The whole procedure and evaluation of learning require considerable institutional and monetary venture. Organizations must put resources into personnel advancement, foundation, and hardware. Innovation supported instructing systems significantly influence the manner in which educating and learning happens. This difficulties the customary connection between scholastic foundations and understudies. Understudies must be urged to take part in the learning procedure. This involves welcoming them to talk in the study hall (Shea-Schultz and Fogarty, 2002). This learning methodology can have a significant impact if the instructor makes a protected domain for the understudies to learn. The educator is required to sum up conversation every once in a while. This aides in feat uring key focuses and permits understudies to follow on the conversation (Allen, 2007). Th

Free Essays on Stalking

Following doesn’t stop alone Numerous individuals know the attributes of a stalker, however many individuals don’t realize how to manage a stalker. A portion of the answers for a following circumstance not to become lethal are to know the realities about following; they can be useful. You ought to likewise know the profile of a stalker. The exact opposite thing you have to do is play it safe when managing a stalker. Consistently 1.4 Americans are followed. Eight percent of ladies and two percent of men have been followed sooner or later in their lives. A large portion of the cases kept going less then one year, however some of them proceeded past five years. For female casualties, twenty-one percent of stalkers were outsiders. Eighty-seven percent of the stalkers are guys. The casualties run between the ages of 18 and 29. 45% of the casualties were compromised. 75% percent of the casualties were followed. Just 50% of following casualties record police reports. Furthermore, 25% percent of the casualties acquired controlling requests, yet the stalker damaged 80% percent of these. Just 24% of female casualties arraign and just 54% of the stalkers are indicted. The entirety of the realities utilized were from the casualty backing focus site. The profile of a stalker is critical to know on the off chance that you’re ever in a following circumstance. At times the stalker is an earlier private accomplice; yet regularly they just want a relationship with the casualty who was a colleague, collaborator and so forth. The stalker frequently fantasizes about their casualties. The dreams can be love arranged or irate and vindictive. Numerous stalkers have bombed connections and experience issues discussing straightforwardly with individuals. They dread dismissal. Numerous stalkers are clever and experience no difficulty of avoiding the law. Most stalkers are persuaded by a conviction that their casualty is the just a single they will ever â€Å"love,† or want of retribution for somebody that has wronged them. Being followed isn't the victim’s deficiency, however the... Free Essays on Stalking Free Essays on Stalking Following doesn’t stop alone Numerous individuals know the attributes of a stalker, however many individuals don’t realize how to manage a stalker. A portion of the answers for a following circumstance not to become deadly are to know the realities about following; they can be useful. You ought to likewise know the profile of a stalker. The exact opposite thing you have to do is avoid potential risk when managing a stalker. Consistently 1.4 Americans are followed. Eight percent of ladies and two percent of men have been followed sooner or later in their lives. The vast majority of the cases kept going less then one year, yet some of them proceeded past five years. For female casualties, twenty-one percent of stalkers were outsiders. Eighty-seven percent of the stalkers are guys. The casualties extend between the ages of 18 and 29. 45% of the casualties were compromised. 75% percent of the casualties were followed. Just 50% of following casualties record police reports. What's more, 25% percent of the casualties got controlling requests, yet the stalker abused 80% percent of these. Just 24% of female casualties indict and just 54% of the stalkers are sentenced. The entirety of the realities utilized were from the casualty backing focus site. The profile of a stalker is critical to know in the event that you’re ever in a following circumstance. Once in a while the stalker is an earlier private accomplice; yet frequently they just want a relationship with the casualty who was a colleague, collaborator and so on. The stalker frequently fantasizes about their casualties. The dreams can be love situated or irate and vindictive. Numerous stalkers have bombed connections and experience issues discussing straightforwardly with individuals. They dread dismissal. Numerous stalkers are savvy and experience no difficulty of avoiding the law. Most stalkers are roused by a conviction that their casualty is the just a single they will ever â€Å"love,† or want of retribution for somebody that has wronged them. Being followed isn't the victim’s issue, however the...

Death and Human Dilemmas Creating Sympathy for the Characters in Romaneks Never Let Me Go - Literature Essay Samples

Mark Romanek explores the difficult choices that people make when faced with death in his film Never Let Me Go (2010). He explores the raw human emotions of jealousy and forgiveness through the characterisation of Ruth (Keira Knightley) and Kathy (Carey Mulligan). When faced with death, it is common to act out towards the people you care about, with this concept developed through the character of Ruth. However, people also want to forgive and be forgiven. These conflicting choices and subsequent actions that the characters’ face is crucial to the film. The dystopic storyline of cloning humans for their organs is so far removed from the audience’s own experiences, that they feel apathy for the characters. To counter this, the director successfully humanises Kathy and Ruth by placing them in situations that many people have also experienced, allowing the viewers to connect with the film emotionally. In doing so, Romanek positions them to question the ethics behind organ f arming, as the characters express very human qualities rather than acting as faceless objects. Romanek explores the human emotion of jealousy, particularly in the face of death, and how it is difficult to reverse the consequences. This emotion is illustrated by the character of Ruth, reflecting on and how she behaves towards Tommy and Kathy, as she was never wanted to be left alone. Ruth’s insecure and vulnerable qualities are present from the beginning of the film at Hailsham, which defines her actions. The director first introduces the character of Tommy at a time when he is teased by characters in his year level, including Ruth. Kathy is the only person in her year to approach and later befriend Tommy. However, as soon as Ruth sees that Kathy and Tommy are happy together, her jealous state causes her to cast her friendship with Kathy aside. Romanek foreshadows these actions in a scene at Hailsham, where Ruth and Kathy are gossiping in bed about the blooming relationships within their year-group. The scene opens with an over-the-shoulder shot from the perspective of K athy, with Ruth’s dialogue showing her interest in the love lives of their peers. Ruth’s change in body language and dialogue about how â€Å"Tommy’s changed† indicates her new opinion after seeing Kathy’s interest in him. Furthermore, having a dimmer light on Ruth rather than Kathy depicts her naà ¯ve behaviour and how Ruth will manipulate her friend to get what she wants. Ruth makes the conscious choice to disregard Kathy’s feelings towards Tommy so she can avoid her biggest fear of being alone. As the film progresses, so too does Ruth’s vulnerability and her jealousy towards her peers. Her jealousy reaches its climax while at ‘The Cottages’, which exemplifies their fate of being organ donors. Here, Ruth tries to regain control over the only possible aspect of her life, which is her relationships with others. Romanek highlights this idea in the scene where Kathy is listening to music, and Ruth interrupts with hurtful remarks. The backlighting on Ruth as she enters the room, paired with the eerie non-diegetic music and low-angle full shot, makes her appear sinister and powerful, which puts the audience on edge and unsure of the situation. Ruth’s spiteful but personal dialogue and open body language while belittling Kathy demonstrates her vulnerability momentarily, stating ‘Tommy and Kathy would be a more natural couple’. Romanek chooses to explore this concept to humanise the cold and disconnected character of Ruth, as she expresses the human quality of jealousy. Ruth’s choice of taking out her frustration about her personal problems towards Kathy is a painful one, which potentially jeopardises their friendship. These two scenes position the audience to question whether jealousy has caused difficult and unfortunate actions towards those they love. The director also explores how humans seek forgiveness and forgive others when death is nearby. The tense relationship between Ruth and Kathy exemplifies the importance of seeking forgiveness and forgiving others, however difficult it may be. When Kathy and Ruth meet after their times at ‘The Cottages’, Ruth has rapidly deteriorated and is close to ‘completion’. She convinces Kathy to take her and Tommy on a trip to the beach, where she confesses her wrongdoings and to make things right. The setting of the scene is on an empty beach, typically an area free from bias. Furthermore, the closed body language of Ruth, along with a mid-shot camera angle of her alone herself demonstrates her vulnerability before trying to make amends. When Ruth is telling Tommy and Kathy about the deferrals, they are shot together using a close-up reverse angle highlights the range of emotions expressed on their faces. By humanising the characters, the audience is positioned to not only reflect on their individual grudges but to question their mortality, by looking at the ‘quality vs quantity of life’ altercation. When Kathy returns to Ruth’s room, she accepts her apology and tells her that she is applying for the deferral. It is unclear whether Kathy has genuinely forgiven Ruth or if she is only doing so because she is close to ‘completion’. Romanek uses this difficult dilemma to position the audience to re-evaluate whether they should have forgiven others in the face of death and whether they did for the right reasons. The monochromatic colour scheme, the absence of non-diegetic sound and long pauses between Kathy and Ruth’s dialogue is used to create a sombre mood to reflect the bittersweet topic at hand. After this scene, a close-up shot shows Ruth on an operating table with the only diegetic sound being a heart monitor flat-lining. Romanek illustrates how people do not ‘complete’ until they have finally forgiven themselves. Romanek illustrates how individuals who face death have difficult choices to make, and how that has a significant impact on others. He humanises the characters by exploring the emotions of jealousy and forgiveness, causing the viewers to create emotional attachments. By removing the â€Å"us vs. them† mentality, it questions the ethics behind involuntary organ donations. The director uses various film techniques to emphasise that no matter the circumstances, we are all human in the end and therefore are worthy of fundamental human rights. The director openly encourages the audience of ‘Never Let Me Go’ to question the ethics of cloning humans, as the characters are continuously viewed as real people rather than merely replacement organs.

Propaganda and Power in Animal Farm - Literature Essay Samples

From Hitler to Hussein, the rise and fall of dictators has captivated historians and writers alike for centuries. British novelist George Orwell (1903-1950) was no exception. In his 1946 allegory Animal Farm, Orwell satirized the 1917 Russian Revolution and the subsequent decades of totalitarian Soviet oppression. The story takes place on a fictional farm where the maltreated animals rebel and overthrow their human overlords. They establish a seemingly utopian society where they work for and are governed by themselves; however, it doesn’t take long for the farm to deteriorate into a totalitarian state with a ruler who can only be described as a tyrant. The most pivotal factor responsible for this outcome is propaganda. Through the use of propaganda in the book, Orwell argues that a government’s power to control its people’s knowledge and views is that government’s capacity to manipulate and oppress. The first way that Orwell demonstrates the insidious power of propaganda is through the carefully crafted language used by the farm’s pigs, who incrementally assume all power and control over the other animals. For example, in chapter three, Squealer, who is essentially the mouthpiece of the despotic Napoleon, declares that â€Å"the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim, namely: ‘four legs good, two legs bad’ † (Orwell 34). This slogan is one salient example of oversimplification as well as â€Å"us vs. them† rhetoric—both propaganda ploys that Squealer uses to extract support from the animals. Another example of Squealer’s deliberate language is found in chapter nine, when the pig consistently refers to the animals’ shrinking shares of food â€Å"as a ‘readjustment’ of rations, never as a ‘reduction’ † (112). In this passage Squealer utilizes a form of propaganda know a s euphemism, where a word that clearly represents something negative is replaced by a word with a more neutral or even positive connotation. Squealer does this in order to prevent the animals from realizing the true severity of the food crisis, which might have led to some discontent among the animals about how things were going on the farm. One last instance of propaganda in Squealer’s language is his oft-reiterated appeal, â€Å" ‘Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones back?’ † (36). Squealer makes this query over and over throughout the book: first to defend the pigs’ hoarding of the milk and apples in chapter three, later to support his claim in chapter five that Snowball was actually a traitor, and towards the end to justify the pigs’ practice of sleeping in the humans beds. In all of these scenes, the question is a thinly veiled attempt to instill fear in the animals in order to make them comply with the pigs’ sc hemes. In conclusion, Squealer’s intentional language—his slogans, his euphemisms, and his appeals to fear—supports Orwell’s argument that propaganda gives those in authority the power to manipulate their people. A second and arguably more obvious illustration of this is the pigs’ practice of altering the history of the farm. One early instance of this occurs in chapter five after Snowball has been forcibly expelled from the farm, when Napoleon suddenly changes his mind and decides that he actually supports the idea of the windmill, which had originally belonged to Snowball. The animals are taken aback, but Squealer quickly explains that the proposition of the windmill had actually been Napoleon’s from the beginning, and that â€Å"the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon’s papers† (Orwell 57). This claim directly contradicts what the animals’ past experiences and knowledge, but they buy it completely because of the convincing manner in which Squealer presents it. Another example of this is when in chapter six, Napoleon announces that Animal Farm will begin engaging in trade with its hu man neighbors. The animals seem to remember passing resolutions against these sort of dealings after the toppling of Jones, and the smarter ones are vaguely suspicious. However, Squealer denies these recollections and challenges the animals, â€Å" ‘Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?’ † (64). Obviously none of the animals recorded it since none but the pigs can write, so they accept Squealer’s argument without objection. This is an audacious and risky maneuver on Squealer’s part that nevertheless succeeds due to his cunning propaganda, which subtly silences any unrest among the animals caused by the pigs’ questionable decisions. The last and probably most significant situation in which the pigs change the history of the farm pertains to the memory of Snowball. In chapter four, Snowball valiantly leads the animals in the successful vanquishing of Jones and his men at the Battle of the Cowshed. However, after Snowball’s expulsion from the farm in chapter five, the animals’ collective memory of their former leader is gradually corrupted by Squealer’s propaganda. First, in chapter five, Squealer ambiguously hints that â€Å" ‘the time will come when we shall find that Snowball’s part in [the battle] was much exaggerated’ † (55). Then, in chapter seven, Snowball abandons all subtlety and announces that newly-discovered documents left by Snowball have proved that â€Å" ‘he was Jones’ secret agent all the time’ † (79). Later in chapter eight, the animals learn from Squealer that Snowball had never, in fact, received the honor of Animal Hero, First Class after the battle—this misconception held by the animals could be traced to â€Å"a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself† (97). And finally in chapter nine, Squealer declares outright that Snowball had not just been a traitorous secret agent and betrayed Animal Farm during the battle, but Snowball himself â€Å"had actually been the leader of the human forces† (117) in the attack on the farm. It is plain as day that Squealer gradually and incrementally chips away at Snowball’s honor and reputation among the animals until, by the end, Snowball comes to be regarded as the absolute antithesis of the farm. He is said to be responsible for stolen items, poor harvests, and even the destruction of the windmill—â€Å"whenever anything went wrong, it became usual to attribute it to Snowball† (78). In other words, Snowball becomes Napoleon and Squealer’s scapegoat, blamed for any and every mishap and calamity, whether real or imagined. From the ruling pigs’ point of view, this convenient state of affairs kills two birds with one stone—not only can the pigs do no wrong (since any misdeeds are quickly blamed on Snowball), but also the unequivocal condemnation of Napoleon’s rival as a traitor of the worst breed allows Napoleon to solidify his power and weed out the competition. This is all accomplished by changing the animals’ views of the past—the very picture of, as the idiom goes, â€Å"history being written by the winners.† The last and most concrete manner in which the pigs use propaganda to further their own agenda is the changing of the Seven Commandments. Originally composed in chapter two, some of the more specific Commandments read: â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed. No animal shall drink alcohol. No animal shall kill any other animal† (Orwell 24-25). However, the animals soon begin to notice things amiss. In chapter six, the news leaks out that the pigs (who have moved into Jones’ vacated farmhouse) are sleeping in the beds. The smarter animals feel faintly concerned about this and consult the Seven Commandments, but they find that commandment number four actually states, â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets† (67). Later, the animals learn that the pigs have obtained wine and held a raucous party after which Napoleon nearly dies of a hangover. Again, the smarter individuals seem to remember that the Seven Commandments forbade alcohol, but when they look at the wall of the barn on which the Commandments are painted, they find only, â€Å"No animal shall drink alcohol to excess† (109). It all comes to a head when, in chapter seven, Napoleon and his dog enforcers perform a massive crackdown in which scores of animals are executed for various alleged crimes against the state. The bloody massacre downright appalls the farm, and this time practically all of the animals have the distinct feeling that the event violates their memories of the earliest guidelines laid down for Animal Farm. As a body they gather below the Seven Commandments on the wall, but they discover that the commandment in question actually proclaims, â€Å"No animal shall kill any other animal without cause† (91). In all three of these scenes, it is blatantly obvious that the commandments have been altered from their original forms. The means by which this occurs is revealed at the end of chapter eight, when in the middle of the night Squealer is caught outside t he barn with a ladder and bucket of white paint, rewriting the Commandments. This is possibly the most insidious incidence of propaganda in the book, but it is indisputably successful in accomplishing its goals; namely, to absolve the pigs of all responsibility for their questionable behavior, and thus to uphold the idealistic view of the farm and its rulers as infallible and exemplary in all things. Orwell utilizes Squealer’s carefully calculated language, the pigs’ practice of progressively mutating history (or the animals’ perceptions of the past), and Squealer’s repeated modification of the Seven Commandments to make his case that when a government has dominion and sway over people’s knowledge and perspectives through propaganda, that government has essentially free rein, and can manipulate, mislead, and oppress its people, all with relative impunity. This argument reflects Orwell’s apparent fascination with the rise and fall of Soviet Russia as well as the ideology behind communism, both of which heavily influenced Animal Farm. In the context of the arguments explained in this essay, the most important takeaway from the book is this: that the people of any state must be constantly on guard so that their government can never assume dominion over information and thought, and that they must never willingly surrender control of public op inion to their leaders. If they do so, they run the risk of falling victim to the kind of utter tyranny exercised by the pigs in Animal Farm—and, for that matter, by every other dictatorial class in history.

Obesity And Its Effects On Society - 997 Words

It is not what one does or how one looks, but it is the reaction of society or how society reacts that determines if an act is deviant or not (Goode, 2011). Obesity adheres to Goffman’s typology of stigma and deviance; abomination of the body and blemish of individual character (Goode, 2011). Terms such â€Å"Hog Bodies† or â€Å"Pigs in Human suits† are frequently used because the majority considers obesity as a product of immoral or deviant behavior. Furthermore, individuals that are not fat believe those that are obese became fat because they eat too much and lack self-discipline. One must understand that these views individuals hold on personal appearances vary with different standards that society creates with each generation (Goode, 2011). For example, a plump female in the Victorian period was believed to fertile, wealthy, and sexy. Her plumpness related to having enough food as a result of being wealthy. On the other hand, the supermodel Twiggy be came famous and the current trend was to be skinny. Over time, plumpness or curvy acceptance has gone back and forth. However, today’s society is so concern with being healthy that any sign of obesity results in whispers, glares, and the usage of the terms mentioned above to describe a fat individual. An obese person now holds a stigma and is viewed as deviant behavior. Fatness, Chubbiness, Portliness, or Tubbiness are all viewed as repugnant because our society, today, considers individuals possessing theseShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Society1455 Words   |  6 PagesObesity has been around for a decade that affects millions of people of the nation of the United States every day. According to the textbook â€Å"Understanding Psychology†, obesity is body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particular height (Feldman, 2012, pg. 325). This health problem not only affects adults but also a lot of children. Obesity has increased over the past decade, particularly people that are facing obesity are using inadequately devise dietsRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society1303 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and its Effects on Society ‘America is fat’, this statement repeated by numerous people in and out of healthcare profession and if someone don’t believe this statement, maybe the following statistic will change our mind. According to (CDC) Center for Diseases Control and prevention, obesity rate grew 65% between 1990 and 2002(Su). Still not convince? When most Americans read that statistics they have single question is ‘Why?’ How is the rate of obesity growing so fast? Is this the way weRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pagesscare some into not eating unhealthy as often, if at all. There will certainly be people will not be affected by the changes and continue to follow through with their usual habits, but there will be others who may end up moving to the other side. Obesity in the U.S. has increased substantially over time; according to the American Psychological Association, the rate has tripled within the last quarter century, and statistics con tinue to worsen regarding the matter (The Impact of Food Advertising†)Read MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Society And Government1352 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1960- is an issue that has been ignored for long enough and must become a matter that is acknowledged and discussed. Obesity affects both society and government; Therefore, society and government alike are responsible for facilitating this epidemic. 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If someone wanted to go to a McDonalds to buy a cheeseburger for example, they couldRead MoreThe Reason Of Obesity And Obesity998 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Introduction: In these days, rates of overweight and obesity are growth faster in Australia. Fourteen million Australians are overweight or obese. More than five million Australians are obese. Australian adults (63%) are overweight or obese, almost 2 in 3. And children (25%) are overweight or obese. Obesity has overtaken smoking as the crucial cause of death and illness in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are 1.9 times as likely as non-indigenous Australians toRead MoreEffects Of The Fast Food Industry On Canadians1263 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will look at the effects of the fast food industry on Canadians, specifically, the raise of obesity in Canada due to the wide availability of fast foods. This topic is covered by providing a background about obesity, examining the health consequences, the economic impact, and looking at the social impact and the psychosocial impact on individuals diagnosed as obese. The paper was researched by reading about the subject matter in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature. The search termsRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On People, Cancers And Type 2 Diabetes1252 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Obesity has become a growing issue in the recent years and its increasing trend is now referred to as a ‘pandemic’ by many researchers and scientists. With a  £3.2 billion currently estimated cost of overweight and obesity to the NHS, one can understand the growing interest in this matter. This essay is going to discuss the bad effects of obesity on people, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and type-2 diabetes. Then, this essay will talk about the causes, and how junk food andRead MoreObesity Is A Major Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfour decades, the rate of obesity in America has been on the increasing end; two out of three Americans are either obese or overweight. The obesity epidemic has become a major problem in the United States which caused many serious effects on individual and society. It is an indiscriminate problem that negatively affect everyone from adults to children; which is a significant threat to the health of humanity that needs to be elimi nated. First, we need to know what obesity is. According to OxfordRead MoreHuman Related Obesity1090 Words   |  4 PagesIs obesity a disease or a human related cause? Researchers have studied this question for years and have come to a variety of different conclusions. Some believe that obesity is a disease and can only be prevented by medications, while others believe that obesity is a human related cause and can be only prevented by a healthy diet and exercise. The American Medical Association (AMA) recently announced that obesity is officially a disease. Dr. Patrice Harris, a member of the American Medical Association