Effects on humans and environment by acid rain Essay

Effects on humans and environment by acid rain - Essay Example Polluted rainfall is also harmful to those who suffer from asthma and those who have breathing difficulty.   It is also proven by scientists that even healthy people can have their lungs destroyed as a result of inhalation of these harmful fapors (Ahmed, 2012; Clark, 2001). Acid rain also affects people and the environment through the soil from which our food is grown. It weakens toxic metals that decomposes and are assimilated into soil. The toxic metals might then be absorbed by water and consumed by animals or vegetation and consequently affects human health upon consumption. It also has effects on our environment particularly in forests; the deposition of the acid leads to degradation of tree plantations by lowering maturity of trees and other plantations, promoting their susceptibility to natural threats like drought, storms, forest fires and insect infestation. It also results to leaching and depletion of natural nutrients in forest soil that in turn loses valuable nutrients like calcium. This affects the sensitivity of the soil with time. On surface waters, acid rain minimizes the survivability of animal life in lakes and streams. It might as well eliminate most of the organisms in these water bodies (Ahmed, 2012; Clark, 2001). Acid rain therefore leads to destruction of plants and kills many organisms that live in ponds and other water bodies. It also has adverse effect on human health. This is so because destruction of the environment by acid rain affects our lives as

A Good Teacher Essay Example for Free

A Good Teacher Essay Plants are shaped by cultivation and men by education. We are born weak, we need strength; we are born totally unprovided, we need aid; we are born stupid, we need judgement. Everything we do not have at our birth and which we need when we are grown is given to us by education. (Jean Jacques Rousseau) It can be seen that education is one of the most important factor of our life. It is the tool that shapes us intellectually, socially, emotionally and personally. The kind of education that we receive depends highly on the educators that we encounter. A positive or negative encounter can impact our entire life. Therefore, if it is intended for today’s students to be responsible citizens of tomorrow’s society, then all teachers should emulate the roles of a â€Å"good teacher†. A good teacher is one who is knowledgeable of learners and their development, knowledgeable of subject matter and curriculum goals, creates a good learning environment and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It can be noted that from the interview conducted, Teacher X exemplifies most of the features of a â€Å"good teacher† and is therefore considered as one. Before entering in a classroom, a â€Å"good teacher† should be highly knowledgeable of the subject area they will be teaching and have a clear understanding of how to organize the curriculum in order to meet the need of the students and the objectives of the school. The interview highlighted that Teacher X is one of the chief writers of the curriculum for the examination body of her institution. It will be ones belief that a personnel would not have been bestowed such privilege if she was not competent in her subject area. She also outlined that her learning objectives are based on the knowledge, ability and skill of the students. This further exemplifies her since Darlington-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005) states that based on the learning needs of their students, teachers must make a wide variety of curriculum decisions, ranging from the evaluation and selection of materials to the design and sequencing of tasks, assignments and activities to the assessment of learning to guide further teaching. The development of the curriculum in light of the students’ interest fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates the students’ passion for learning a specific subject area. If given the opportunity for input, students’ will generate ideas and set goals that even the teacher had not thought of. At this point teachers should embrace the fact that they do not know everything and should be willing to learn from their students’ in the process. A â€Å"good teacher† must take the time to know her students. Know not only their names or facial representations, but their readiness level, learning styles and interest. Students are all individuals who learn at different rates and in different ways. Tomlinson (2001) outlines that students learn better if tasks are a close match for their skills and understanding of a topic (readiness), if tasks ignite curiosity or passion in a student (interest) and if the assignment encourages students to work in a preferred manner (learning style). The classrooms of our society can be extremely diverse, so teachers must be able to differentiate intrsuctions to meet the individual needs of each student.

The Black Legend and White Legend: Relationship Between the Spanish an

The Black Legend and White Legend: Relationship Between the Spanish and Indians in the New World The Spanish-Indian relationship can be defined in many ways. One definition used is through the Black Legend and the White Legend. The interpretation of the Black Legend can depend on whom you are talking to. The Black Legend speaks of the Spaniards abusing the Indians and being guilty of much more misconduct than history has ever recorded. The White Legend speaks of how the Spaniards benefitted the Indian society by building communities, hospitals and spreading the Word of God. There are two reasons why the Spaniards were so intent on spreading the Gospel. The first is because Spain wanted to ensure political and military means of safety and independence of their own religious community and even more so their predominance over others. The second was a deeper desire to convert, which included appealing to the minds and hearts of individual unbelievers by preaching, reasoning and if needed by force (Plumb 152). The conquest of the new world began with a small band of Spanish soldiers. The soldiers proceeded to march against and subdue the huge population of the mainland (Black 24). The Black Legend speaks of all that the Spanish had done to the Indians and the horrible things done to them and the land. This Black Legend exists only in areas where the people are "anti-Hispanic" especially where English is spoken, and in modern Spanish America (24). The White Legend is true only in reverse. The people who claim to believe in this Legend hold to the belief that the Spanish were a credit to society and help the Indians in their everyday lives by providing livestock and new medici... ... they had never intended to live. They were forced to lose their families in the name of the Spanish crown and the Spanish crown had only a vague knowledge of what was really happening in the new world. Which one, whether Black or White Legend, a person believes will have to depend on their own personal view of the truth. Bibliography Gibson, Charles. The Black Legend: Anti-Spanish Attitudes in the Old World and the new. New York: Knopf 1971. --------- Spain in America. New York: Harper 1966. --------- Spanish Tradition in America. Ny: Harper 1968. Haring, C.H. The Spanish Empire in America. New York: Oxford 1947. Ludenfeld, Marvin. 1492 Discovery Invasion Encounter. Massachussets: 1991. Plumb, J.H. The Spanish Seaborne Empire. New York: Knopf 1966. Sale, Kirkpatrick. The Conquest of Paradise. New York: Plume 1990.

Scuba Diving Essay -- essays research papers

This Essay will illustrate some of the basic aspects of scuba diving. It will show the steps involved in assembling the scuba gear. The price range of scuba gear. The basic principles of diving, and were to go to get certified in scuba diving. It will also reveal some fun things that can be done while diving . The assembly of the scuba gear is very simple. First have your tank filled to the recommended amount of pressure (usually 3000 psi). Take the tank with the valve handle to the right, and set it in front of you. Next take the Buoyancy Compensator (B.C.) and attach it to the tank by putting the straps around the tank and tightening them. After the tank is secure, check to make sure that the O’ring on the valve of the tank is in place and in good condition. loosen the first stage of the regulator and place it over the valve of the tank. Then tighten the first stage securely, but not overly tight. Attach your octopus to the B.C. Then Pick up the pressure gauge and point it away from the body, and others. Turn the handle on the tank, to supply the regulator and gauges with air pressure. The gauges are pointed away from the body to avoid injury if the gauge were to malfunction. Listen for any leaks, and read the gauge and make sure that it is some what close to the pressure that was put in to the tank. Last you need to inflate the B.C.,and purge the regulator to make sure that they work properly. The gear is now ready to be used. Scuba gear is very affordable. Sc...

McCain Foods Essay

McCain Foods is a Canadian company that produces potatoes and provided all sorts of fries to their customers all over the world. McCain Foods Company is a well-known potato producer. McCain also competes with public companies such as Kraft Foods, Aviko and ConAgra Foods which have a clear advantage in terms of raising capital because they are also producing potatoes as their main product. Private ownership puts the company at a competitive disadvantage. Even so McCain Foods Company tries to inform their customers by doing campaigns and promotion by giving points and free deliveries. Consumer food expenditure on ready-to-eat foods continues to rise due to the success of new dining concepts, and changing lifestyle. Demographic factors, such as more families with working women, smaller family sizes in general, and more disposable income coupled with less disposable time has spurred this trend. Since McCain Foods is more focused on business to business they are partnered with few companies that will help them in packaging, in examining their potatoes quality and distribution. Due to the changes in the external environment that impacts McCain Foods Company sale rates, they made changes to improve their potatoes quality to maintain their customers demand. Such us, using the sunflower oil that reduces saturated fats by 70% instead of using regular vegetable oil. This is made because mainly McCain Foods have a strategy to keep a good relationship with their farmers and customers In the Netherlands, McCain Foods Company is located in Lelystad where the corps are grown and distributed. The distribution of McCain Food products are done by road to the other European countries and ships to be distributed to other countries outside the European region. McCain Food Company McCain Foods is a company located in Canada and a privately owned company established in 1957 by four brothers namely Wallace and Harrison McCain, supported by brothers Andrew and Robert. McCain Foods is the world’s largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and potato specialties. McCain foods also perform in helping the environment and achieved several Charitable Initiatives such as â€Å"Feeding the hungry and supporting education in South Africa† and â€Å"Supporting sport in the UK for ? 5 million to UK Athletics â€Å". McCain Foods is the largest French fry producer in the world, claiming a global market share of almost 33%. (4) McCain operates globally with over 57 production and manufacturing facilities across six continents. The company’s products are available in thousands of restaurants and supermarket freezers in more than 125 countries around the world. The company has least presence in the developing organic foods segment. Natural and organic food products segment is one of the fastest growing categories in food retailing. The company has not acquired any organic brand companies nor has it launched organic products. Internal environment McCain foods  is an organization that has the motto: â€Å"McCain it’s all good†. Their actions, decisions and behaviors are guided by their values and Code of Conduct. McCain is trying to make their business to be more like a family business. Because some companies are known for the products they make, and some are known for the people who make them while McCain likes to be known for both. Their strategy is to keep a good relationship with the farmers and their customers. As it is shown in Graph (1. 1), McCain Foods makes contracts with their supplier partners and grower partners, even though the number of the supplier partners is greater than the grower partners. They also employed a lot of employees to work in their company. With these big numbers McCain Foods is also trying to maintain their relationship with their employees and partners, because these numbers tells us that McCain more or less is depending on their supplier partners, the farmers, and employees. Same thing goes to the Supplier partners and Employees of McCain Foods. This means that there is a mutualism relationship between McCain, the employees and their partners that will bring a good result.

Constitutional Orders of Conn. essays

Constitutional Orders of Conn. essays There are many differences and similarities between The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and The Mayflower Compact. A similarity is that they both state that with the help of G-d they will set up a common wealth for the country that they represent under the name of there king. Some differences are that the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are much more in depth; they state how everything will be run. Another difference is that in the Fundamental orders of Connecticut is setting up the government before they actually get to Connecticut. The similarity between the Mayflower Compact, and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is that in both documents it says that thy will be helped by G-d. This means that these people did not believe in separation from the church. Because of this both commonwealths or colonies would probably have churches and laws would come from the church. A difference between these two documents is that the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is more in depth. The Mayflower Compact only states that a group of people will be going to set up a colony were a government and a church would be set up. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut says how the government and towns will be run. The Connecticut document says that there will be 2 meetings a year and who will be there and why, and it also states who runs what, and what you must to choose a leader (to vote). Another difference between The Mayflower Compact and The Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut is that the Orders of Connecticut group is setting up a government before they get to Connecticut. This is good because while the Mayflower group is trying to figure out how to get things to work, the Connecticut group is already making things work, and electing people to run a government that is already working. ...

The role of project managers in project management

The role of project managers in project management Free Online Research Papers The success of the project is measured as the ability to complete the project according to the specifications and within the specified budget and time schedule decided prior beginning the project. For proper flow of the project and to complete the project in due course of time both planning and execution must be properly implemented. In this essay we shall discuss about the basics of the project, project manager and project management. All the main aspects of the role of project managers to get the project running and to achieve its goals are defined below. First there is detailed explanation of the project and the set of working that would be followed by the organizations. Further it would be considering the selection of the project managers and the qualities required by them as they are key personnel in enabling the project to attain its set of goals. Further more it is discussed about selecting project considering its key values and implementing strategy to achieve the desired goals. A detailed explanation is given on the project life cycle and 7-S framework considered for the project manager. Lastly it is discussed about the general conflicts that generate during the working of the project a s it involves many teams and departments of the organization. Finally a practical approach would be discussed about the role of project manager in project management. Project has been defined as â€Å"A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service† (Project Management Institute, 2001, p.167) A project is usually a one time activity with a well defined set of goals. In order for the smooth conduct of the project it can be divided into many sub-division of the main goal. The sub-divided projects are then handled by many of the different departments in the organization to accomplish desired end results. The completion of the project is measured according to the goals defined and within the specified budget and time schedule. Similar to the product life cycle the project also has a life cycle. From a slow beginning with the appointment of the project manager, choosing a team of members for the project, allocating resources etc, they build up momentum; reach the peak point, starts declining and finally termination of the project. Furthermore if a project needs to be successfully completed then the project manager is expected to incorporate all the characteristic of the project, validate that the proper knowledge and resources are available, both planning and execution must be properly implemented. The project manager takes the responsibility of for planning, implementing, beginning and ending the project in the due course of the time as promised prior taking the project into account. The project managers first set of the task is to know the client’s history about the working of his organization, his needs and wants for the project given to the project manager’s organization. Then he has to deicide on the preliminary budget, select the people to serve on the project team, make sure that the proper facilities are available, the important thing is to consider the fact that the supplies required for the project are met through when needed and precaution should be taken of the time details necessary to get the project moving. Selection of the project manager is one of the most important aspects concerning the project. The following are the list of some important attributes, skills and qualities required for selecting the project manager. A strong technical background. A hard-nose manager. A mature individual. Someone who is currently available. Someone on good terms with senior executives. A person who can keep the project team happy. One who has worked in several different departments. A person who can walk on (or part) the waters. (As sited on Meredith, J.R. Mantel, S.J., Project Management – a Managerial Approach, p.140, 2003) Above all are the key pre-requisites for selecting a Project Manager. Apart from the different skills and attributes the other main qualities which are possessed by the project managers are credibility, sensitivity, leadership, ability to handle stress and management style. There are two different kinds of credibility that are needed by the project manger they are technical credibility and administrative credibility. â€Å"A project manager with reasonable technical competence seems to be associated with the project success and it is seen by the project team members to be a ‘positive’ leadership characteristic (Zimmerer and Yasin, 1998). The other credibility is the administrative in this the project manager has the responsibility to its clients and the senior management, to keep the project on schedule and within the cost determined to them prior to the project was undertaken, report to the superior manager about the working and progress of the project during certain intervals of the project. Project managers should be political sensitive it means that they should have the ability to sense interpersonal conflicts earlier then that generates among the project team. They should have the aptitude to confront and deal with the issues before the inconsistency escalates into interdepartmental and intradepartmental warfare. Leadership has been defined as â€Å"interpersonal influence, exercised in the situations and directed through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals† (Tannenbaum and Massarick, 1957). â€Å"Project management provides an organization with powerful tools that improve its ability to plan, implement, and control its activities as well as the ways in which it utilizes its people and resources† (Meredith, J.R. Mantel, S.J., Project Management – a Managerial Approach, p.1, 2003). The entire effort-from the implementation of the technology to the management of the change to the organization (culture, process and structure) needs to be managed. The project manager assigned by the organization has this responsibility and the associated authority to effect the needed change. The project manager also has responsibility to manage the vendor activities, deliverables and schedule while establishing a foundation for the ongoing partnership between the vendor and the organization. Effective project management involves communicating both upward and downward within the organization in order to understand the business concerns, gain acceptance of the pending changes and gain project buy-in and support for the teams activities. The project that is undertaken is assessed through various stages some of the important criteria for selecting the project are as follows based on Souder (1973) 1. Realism – The project to be embark on should be based on the reality of the manager’s decision and include the numerous objective of both the firm and its manager. It should also take into account the various factors like the project risk, technical risk of performance, cost, time and factors considering the customer rejection. 2. Capability – The decision made should be sophisticate enough to deal with multiple time periods, consider various situations like the micro and macro economic factors of the organization. 3. Flexibility – The project should be flexible enough to adjust as per the market change. It should also consider the firm’s environment in which it operates its primary business or the defined objectives of the firm. 4. Ease of Use – The project should be realistically convenient, it should not take a long time to execute, should be easy to implement and understand. It should also consider the resources that are readily available with the firm and it should not require special interpretation or equipment. 5. Cost – This is among the most important factors to be consider, the project selected should be profitable to both, the client and the firm. It should not require special equipment, human resource, which are in use for the current project and not useful after the completion of the project. After selecting the appropriate project which is feasible, profitable and that meets the goals or the objectives of the organization the implementation process begins. Source: Harvey Maylor, Project management. The planning stage involves the formulation and revision of the intended activity that needs to be carried out when the project is taken into consideration. After analysing the activity that needs to be performed the execution of the project is carried out. The check/study phase is the period when the performance, quality, quantity, cost and time is considered during the project initial stage. The final stage is the act stage where the process is considered as being the final termination or completion of the project. (Harvey Maylor, p.7, 1999) Thereafter selecting the project implementation process the framework for the project is required. The 7-S framework of management issues was promoted by McKinsey and Co., management consultants. 7-S model provides an effective way of analyzing an organization, in terms of dynamic relationship among 7 key elements namely: Strategy – The pre-requisites resources needed for the project and the technique to achieve them. Structure – The arrangement of the organizational departments that relates to each other; centralized or decentralised. Systems – The procedures, processes and routines that characterize how the work should be done: Financial system, recruiting, promotion and performance appraisal systems. Staff – The selection, appointing, position given in the project team are considered. Skills – The implementation of the managerial and technical tools during the working phase of the project by the managers as well as the project team. Style/Culture – Determining the ethics and code of conduct to maintain during the achievement of the organizational goals. Stakeholders Individuals or the group which are interested in the outcome of the project considered. The process of planning a project usually requires inputs from various people. No matter the size or the quantity of the project, planning involves interaction with different departments and staff working in the organization. It is logically not possible to interact with different people without having conflict, when there is a conflict there should be proper way to tackle the issues arising out of conflicts. Conflict can be defined as â€Å"the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated, or is about to frustrate, some concern of his† (Thamhain and Wilemon, P.891, 1975). Conflicts normally occur on issues such as schedules, priorities, staff requirement, technical factors, administrative procedure, cost estimates and personality conflicts. The best method known to mankind in solving the conflict is negotiation. Raffia (1982, P.139) defines a Pareto-Optimal solution to the two party conflict and discusses the nature of the bargaining process req uired to reach optimally, a difficult and time consuming process. Practical approach in understanding the role of project manager in project management. Bhavan’s is the largest college in Mumbai and it has over 25,000 full-time and part-time students. There is a large infrastructure which includes a learning resource centre, student services and 1,200 internet enabled PCs. The project was aimed at providing the learning materials over the internet to deliver specific study materials to identified group of students. To test the content of the study materials that are being provided are correct. It specified the objectives to achieve student course data exchange easily, to identify the rules and regulation within the college, to establish summary reports and to ensure that the tracking and reporting of the student achievements are met through intercourse and over the internet also. The project management approach was similar to the PRINCE for example but it was mixture of different combination of recognised practices. The main advantages of the methodical approach were to control, focus, key inputs/outputs, clear objective and challenges. It was the policy of the institute that the project was taken into consideration only if the project was beneficial to the institute. If the project was undertaken it would increase the reputation and market creditability of the institution. The matter it was concerned for was the funding of the project, it was considered that it would not fit in the strategy of the institution but the involvement in this project was very attractive for the external sources. The time required for the project to get down the resources to work was not that easy. There was a great deal of trust in people’s skills and expertise was endowed. A real ‘push’ was required towards the end of the project to ensure its successful concl usion. When the issue came into the notice of the trustees and the stakeholders there was a deliberate strategy tracked to ensure maximum support and get the project completed. The initial objective was to get a green signal from the trustees and stakeholders and it was achieved. The project was explained in a understandable measure so that it does not create any fears or confusion that would have been experienced. It was essential that the academic registry, the senior management team and the head of IT services would accept the project. Hence transparency and honesty was the best data to be provided to the internal management team. Team building was a essential step in getting the project to be selected. The main aim of the project was summoned as it would help the internal management team and not just being the facility provided to the external parties. The human resources were allocated and the group mix was important and it stayed together throughout the duration of the project. The people considered for the were based on their prior knowledge, experience and strengths in order to achieve the desired goals. The communication used by the project manager was just ‘plain English’ and a strong steer of direction was controlled over the team. This helped the project team to understand the requirements of the project and also helped them to clear some of the technological and data specific aspects of the project. PEST and SWOT analyses were used to measure the outcomes of the project at periodical intervals. The project investigated elements of the college rather that looking at the sector as a whole. Precise decisions were taken at the supplies and the requirements of the technology and the project outcomes. The team were introduced to the Just in – Time methodology where the requirements were met when there was a real need to avoid going over the budget. The project was not just about providing a cutting edge in the field of technology but during the initial stages a significant time was taken in consideration for the processes and demands of the technology. The vendor representatives attended the regular project meeting each month. The vendor-appointed project manager is the point person to act as a liaison between the organization and the vendor. This individual is responsible for coordinating vendor resources, managing the vendor deliverables and handling support requests as they are identified. In addition, the vendor-supplied project manager or a member of the vendors team should be expected to provide guidance to the organization on how to best leverage the vendor product by sharing best practices, processes and experiences of other companies using the vendors technology. One of the biggest challenges for a project manager is striking a right balance between technical and non-technical skills. The review process used a minimum bureaucracy approach. Emphasis was placed on communicating the matter or escalating the matter to the superior level of management or the project manager. General questions regarding the project progress were asked like â€Å"where are we today?†, â€Å"What steps are still pending?† and â€Å"When can we get it done?† many of the simple questions helped in frame the project progress and resulted in appropriate measurement of task and timescales. Monthly progress reports were complied by the supervisor considering the work to be completed given at the beginning of the month. This in turn helped the project to be reviewed or monitor its progress. The final goal of the project was achieved and there were lot of experience gained, good relationships were built. Extra creditability was gained by the institute and it also helped in developing close relations and smooth flow of work among the work areas of the different sections of the college. Thus if a project is to successfully completed, both planning and execution must be properly implemented. Poor planning will not allow appropriate execution and control processes or achievement of the project’s targets. Hence considering the above arguments and discussion the project managers role in the organization and responsibilities towards both the firm and project team are important. Research Papers on The role of project managers in project managementThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductOpen Architechture a white paperLifes What IfsRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Free Essays on Functionlism in School

Functionalism stands in almost in every body’s theories of schooling. The political bearings controlled by the government’s standings. The intellectual, of those seeking for more knowledge. The social skill that are picked up, and the economical aspects of our city. These four are the most recognizable in schooling. There is however other smaller functions in schooling. These are just the one I will be focusing on. The political aspects I think are one of the more important. Those studies included are history, social studies and economics. The pledge of allegiance, which is a great way to promote pride in our country. When I was in school I used to say it every day. The school system is starting to get away from these old ways. Knowing our history is probably if not the most important a very close second. As a species you can only improve by learning from our mistakes. The importance of this function is to keep our pride were it is supposed to be, at home. If you don’t realize what our ancestors have gone through you’ll never comprehend the modern day struggles. The conflict over in the Middle East is based on fighting for our beliefs as our forefathers did so long ago. So many other countries also revolt under a new constitution based on the one that was written in collaboration of the new government. The intellectual function is more deeply rooted the any other. This part is based solely on the person being an educated one. The search for wisdom has always been a journey for those with open minds. Those who grasp more always want more. Those who want more never lose in the society of today. When you look for more understanding you get more privileges. These privileges are not those of the common person but those of an educated one. There is knowledge taught in schools but that only to an extent. Those who are truly seeking journey, not in a physical but a mental state in which life can only teach. Those being so strande... Free Essays on Functionlism in School Free Essays on Functionlism in School Functionalism stands in almost in every body’s theories of schooling. The political bearings controlled by the government’s standings. The intellectual, of those seeking for more knowledge. The social skill that are picked up, and the economical aspects of our city. These four are the most recognizable in schooling. There is however other smaller functions in schooling. These are just the one I will be focusing on. The political aspects I think are one of the more important. Those studies included are history, social studies and economics. The pledge of allegiance, which is a great way to promote pride in our country. When I was in school I used to say it every day. The school system is starting to get away from these old ways. Knowing our history is probably if not the most important a very close second. As a species you can only improve by learning from our mistakes. The importance of this function is to keep our pride were it is supposed to be, at home. If you don’t realize what our ancestors have gone through you’ll never comprehend the modern day struggles. The conflict over in the Middle East is based on fighting for our beliefs as our forefathers did so long ago. So many other countries also revolt under a new constitution based on the one that was written in collaboration of the new government. The intellectual function is more deeply rooted the any other. This part is based solely on the person being an educated one. The search for wisdom has always been a journey for those with open minds. Those who grasp more always want more. Those who want more never lose in the society of today. When you look for more understanding you get more privileges. These privileges are not those of the common person but those of an educated one. There is knowledge taught in schools but that only to an extent. Those who are truly seeking journey, not in a physical but a mental state in which life can only teach. Those being so strande...

Astronomy Frontier paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Astronomy Frontier - Research Paper Example Recent discoveries by the astronomers illustrate that BHs are the major partner to expand the galaxies. Before finding the activities of black holes, it is necessary to mention here the size and shape of BHs. A black hole is observed by three factors: All these three factors, mass, gravity and emission of radiations, are responsible to generate accretion. McClintock is of the opinion that this is common notion among the astronomers that accretion is one of the main originators of the universe. The accretion disks have powerful influence on galaxy. The energy, produced by the motion of accretion disc around black hole, generates stars development, builds or destroys galaxy structure, and reloads the large amount of elements which has a constructive engagement for planet construction. There is a great question, partially answered, that â€Å"what is the actual relationship between galaxy and black hole?† â€Å"Why are the black holes necessary for galaxy?† â€Å"Why do galaxies generate the black holes in it?† The astronomers have discovered that early galaxies (about 4 galaxies) were 30 times large to black holes in them. But every galaxy has black hole in center so it has been concluded that the black hole generates stars around it and then galaxy breeds (Cattaneo and Best 518–523). Practically, almost all the big galaxies congregate a BH in it. The black holes vary in size and mass. It can be in millions of cosmological masses. As the mass and quantity of black holes increase the galaxy gains a great change in it. The activities of accretion discs enable galactic nuclei to gain the heat and eject the heavy gases from it. Jeffrey E. McClintock, Ph.D., Senior Astrophysicist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, says: â€Å"There is strong evidence that a supermassive black hole lies at the center of the Milky Way. Astronomers believe this black hole is a radio-wave source known as Sagittarius A* (SgrA*). The

3.Case Study Transformation at the Universal Manufacturers Group Coursework

3.Case Study Transformation at the Universal Manufacturers Group - Coursework Example The merger is expected to place the group at the same caliber with other competitive companies. The management hopes to reap the benefit accrued with economies of scale. Max Weber expounded on the classical theory and emphasized that there was no need of organization diversifying (Powell, 2003, p.42). In his line of thought, an organization can be successful so long as there are clear lines of authority and control. Weber gave credit on the importance of division of labor. Division of labor will enhance an organization productivity and cut-off some expenses. This however will result to the transformation of the entire human resource. The director of human resource director Mrs. Smithers is faced with challenges on how to transform the current human resource functions while still remain in focus with the organization’s vision, mission, goals, and objectives. UMG is facing two key problems in its human resource transformation. Since it wants to merge the three companies into one based in the newly located headquarter in Reading, England, human resource that was available will have to be downsized. The retrenchment of some employees will be the only way out in ensuring that UMG gets value for its resources. However, retrenchment of the employees should be done on a fair ground. Perhaps the best way to go about would be Mrs. Smithers sending circular to each department on the issue of downsizing, so that who are willing voluntarily to resign can be given the chance. Torrington, and Hall (1998, p.76), argued that proper procedures should always be in place on how to layoff, employees who voluntarily resigned and those who will be â€Å"forced† to resign. This is because if employees are not taken care during the retrenchment period this might have a negative reputation of an organization. Frederick Herzberg’s motivation-hygien e theory identifies job security as one of hygiene factor that will motivated the employees. Frederick

Ethical Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical Behavior - Essay Example This is especially so by being the origin of all the wrong doings of all the rest. By following the logic of wrong doings, the moment one puts another individual in a position that compromises his or her beliefs morally and logically, one turn into the evil person. This is as is the case with the creation story, in which the tempter was the devil asking Eve to participate in wrongdoing (John, 2010). Therefore, in tempting his friends and acquaintances for exam papers, she is the most unethical person. This is despite the comments given by the acquaintances, which appear to be measures at stopping her from cheating in the exam, especially with Biff. The real deal comes with Rex who shows complete corruption of morality by both lying and extorting money from Babbs, which still appears as a creation of Babbs. However, it appears that Rex’s source of unethical behavior is his greed and innate desire to deceive, or offer punishment to Babbs for not taking her time to do that which is required of her, attend lessons and submit her own work on ethics. On the other hand, the professor’s lack of ethics is not dependent on Babb’s behavior on the exam but is based on his own bias. In relation to this, the professor is expected to be an individual of high moral standing, where they observe honesty, fairness and pay attention to cheating students, as well as respect their position in power (Friedman et al, 2005). However, professor Wind plenty only portrays his ethics with a bias by punishing Babbs appropriately and sparing another who cheats right before his eyes. This shows his lack of ethics as the concept of right and wrong is not based on relativity, but rather on black and white truth and untruth. Therefore, the professor offers partial justice by letting the student with disability go but still punishes Babbs. This is an extreme case of lack of ethics on the professors side, as it shows how easily swayed he is by explanation or reasons he

Optional subject Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Optional subject - Research Proposal Example Because of the broad execution of KM approach in several organizations, I became really interested in knowing about the impact of KM over the business environment on the whole (Rasula, Vuksic and Stembersger, â€Å"The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance†). From the previous researches relating to the execution of KM in the business organizations, I have become even more intrigued about learning the impact of this particular approach. Likewise, I acquired a comprehensive knowledge from the previous researches that there lies considerable impact of KM in providing benefits to a particular business organization. The notion of KM is fundamentally described as a procedure which comprises of a broad assortment of effective business strategies as well as practices that helps the modern day organizations to accomplish their expected business objectives and most significantly, to enhance their organizational performances in the long-term scenario. It can be stated in this regard that there lies immense impact of KM over the business operations in the contemporary era, as most of the organizations have employed it with the motive of attaining significant benefits. In this similar context, one of the chief benefits of generating the practice of KM within the business organizations is that the practice imposes a positive impact upon their organizational performances. Moreover, according to previous studies, the practice of KM also affects the organizational results with regard to company innovation and employee along with product improvement (Rasheed, â€Å"The Impact of Knowledge Management on SME’s†). My major interest about formulating the topic is that the phenomenon emphasizes upon the impact of KM which supports the business organizations to attain significant benefits as well as desired business

WAN Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WAN Technology - Research Paper Example Moreover, like any business ABC Inc cannot afford problems with the network connectivity due to low reliability since it would affect the customers and the business directly. Given the constraints on security and reliability there is little doubt that the solution for ABC Inc is a private WAN connection. A dedicated private WAN would cost ABC Inc far more than using packet switched connectivity. It is common for multiple businesses to be using the same private WAN with packed switched connectivity since it affords the amount of reliability and security needed by businesses without entailing the extra cost of a dedicated private WAN (O’Brien & Marakas, 2009). Moreover, it is highly likely that the private WAN used by ABC Inc would utilize the frame relay protocol since it is more widely implemented than the X2.5 protocol (Cisco, 2012). Using frame relay protocol would provide ABC Inc the required amount of reliability and security for its private WAN

Optional subject Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Optional subject - Research Proposal Example Because of the broad execution of KM approach in several organizations, I became really interested in knowing about the impact of KM over the business environment on the whole (Rasula, Vuksic and Stembersger, â€Å"The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance†). From the previous researches relating to the execution of KM in the business organizations, I have become even more intrigued about learning the impact of this particular approach. Likewise, I acquired a comprehensive knowledge from the previous researches that there lies considerable impact of KM in providing benefits to a particular business organization. The notion of KM is fundamentally described as a procedure which comprises of a broad assortment of effective business strategies as well as practices that helps the modern day organizations to accomplish their expected business objectives and most significantly, to enhance their organizational performances in the long-term scenario. It can be stated in this regard that there lies immense impact of KM over the business operations in the contemporary era, as most of the organizations have employed it with the motive of attaining significant benefits. In this similar context, one of the chief benefits of generating the practice of KM within the business organizations is that the practice imposes a positive impact upon their organizational performances. Moreover, according to previous studies, the practice of KM also affects the organizational results with regard to company innovation and employee along with product improvement (Rasheed, â€Å"The Impact of Knowledge Management on SME’s†). My major interest about formulating the topic is that the phenomenon emphasizes upon the impact of KM which supports the business organizations to attain significant benefits as well as desired business

Catcher in the Rye chapter 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catcher in the Rye chapter 14 - Essay Example That, and if he really had been shot in the stomach, instead of punched. This falls under Holden’s views of what is, or is not, phony. The whole scene he imagined was phony. There was not even the slimmest chance that it could happen, even if he did have what it took to follow through with it. He found the perfect definition of phony within himself; he thought of a complete scenario, played it through in his mind, and then came back to reality again. â€Å"What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window. I probably would’ve done it, too, if I’d been sure somebody’d cover me up as soon as I landed. I didn’t want a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at me when I was all gory.† This quote shows a bit of a reflection on how Holden views himself, though it can be interpreted in two ways. One, his overall feelings are that he would feel ashamed for committing suicide, and not wanting others to know how weak he is. Two, he could feel that he is too high above those that would be interested in his committing suicide. Either way, he does not want the involvement of others in his extremely personal affairs. Holden’s character grows a little bit more in this chapter. The opening scene of the chapter shows Holden thinking about and talking out loud to his deceased younger brother Allie. Holden’s sense of guilt towards his younger brother is obvious is this section. While Holden says that he sometimes talks to Allie when he feels depressed, it seems that by doing this it only feeds his depression. Holden seems even more vulnerable in this chapter, by the way he reacts to Maurice and Sunny, and by his thoughts regarding suicide towards the end of the chapter. He lets his weakness show by crying during his encounter with Maurice, and then by showing that Maurice intimidates

Cultural Considerations Essay Example for Free

Cultural Considerations Essay This paper will examine and assesses the cultural concerns and influences of today’s societies with mixed cultures and the effect on the criminal justices system. The paper will address how the cultural concerns and influences affect justice and security administration and practice. The paper will show some contemporary methods by the police and security used in societies of mixed cultures. The paper will address how these influences and considerations relate to and affect nondiscrimination practices within the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper will address Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles and how they fit into today’s police departments. The military occupation of numerous countries in the Middle East and Europe has brought police practices into question. The local police forces have been trained by the military in which the rules are different. The free people are suffering abuse at the hands of the police in those countries. In those cases where militant law is present and security is more prevalent, the police appear to work more for the current occupying military than for that country’s government or the people. More than 200 cases of torture have either been investigated or court marshaled by the United States in violation of the United Nations anti-torture body in 2006. This increase in torture may be caused by racial, ethnic, and religious differences in the contemporary War on Terrorism (French Wailes, 2008). The abuse on that scale does not occur within the United States; however, a problem still exists with the assessment of police and security personnel. These practices are scrutinized by the military, governments, security agencies, and local and foreign police. Of course, these practices question discrimination and profiling. Profiling is one of the major concerns here in the United States. Some confusion exits between profiling and racial profiling. A person cannot be profiled by a police officer based on color, sex, religion, or culture. However, a person can be profiled if he or she matches the description of a suspect. The measures currently used to assess officers are objective and may disclose intimate aspects of the person tested. The standard for recognition in the United States is the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) that was established in 1979. Psychological testing is in place, however; standards are not set by CALEA, and each agency conducts their own testing (French Wailes, 2008). In 1973, the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that every police agency follow a formal selection process that includes a written test of mental ability or aptitude, an oral interview, a psychological examination, and a background investigation. It was believed that introducing greater screening and standardization to the selection process would result in a more qualified police force. International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) developed several guidelines for pre-employment psychological evaluations. These recommendations address such issues as validation of testing instruments, compliance with legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), using qualified psychologists familiar with the relevant research, and content of the written reports (Cochrane, Tett Vandercreek, 2008). Compliance with such acts as the ADA indicates the implementation of diversity in the testing process. A few of the most common comprehensive personality tests given to police officers during their psychological testing include the following: Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness (NEO) Personality Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2(MMPI-2), and Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI). Traits from the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised, which was based on the five-factor model of personality, have also shown to be predictive of police performance. The MMPI-2 and the IPI have been shown to be effective in predicting several job criteria for police officers as well (Cochrane, Tett Vandercreek, 2008). Today’s American policing and justice system is based on English principles and English common law. One such tradition was limited police authority. This gives way to liberties and freedoms and limits governmental authority. Another tradition was the localized police control as opposed to a national, centralized police force as experienced in many other countries. This turned out to be both an advantage and a detriment. The localization resulted in fragmentation and decentralization of law enforcement. The advantage was acquiring little national control (Walker Katz, 2011, p. 24). Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens so he developed the nine principles of community policing. His first concept was the basic mission of police was to prevent crime and disorder. The prevention of crime makes the job easier of the police. Police presence is deterrence, therefore prevents crime from occurring. This is the basis for today’s community policing concept. The public must also approve of the actions of the police in the performance of their duties. The people must work voluntarily with the police in observance of the laws to maintain public order (History, 2002). The public must comply voluntarily with the laws and work with the police. Most people do what is morally correct; in turn the police also must do what is lawfully correct. The police are directed by the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights to safeguard every citizen’s right from interference from government. These philosophies are still observed today. If a citizen does not approve of the conduct of the police, a complaint is filed. If the public does not agree with a law, they work to make changes. If the public fails to observe the law, there are consequences, such an arrest or a fine. Another concept concerns the use of physical force to gain compliance. The public is cooperative with the police whereas physical force not need be employed. If compliance is not gained and physical force is required, the force will not be so great as to be considered excessive (History, 2002). The Constitution provides rights to the people and protects them from the police in this area. Laws in most states specifically write out what is considered â€Å"force,† when and how it can be used. Last, the police are specifically trained in the application of force through means of various weapons and hand to hand combat. This force is not to be excessive, not to be used as punishment, or in a punitive manner. The force used is that reasonable force to effect and arrest, to protect oneself or another from death or great bodily harm. The police serve both the public and the law, they shall not show impartiality, but to the law. The officers are also members of the public. Any interest the public has would also be interest to the police (History, 2002). In this case, the officer may come from any background may be either sex or any race. The officer must show fairness to members of other groups and not discriminate against those members or members of his or her own group. The officer shall treat everyone as equally as possible. The police are hired to uphold the law, at the same time serve the public. Peel’s theory indicates, when a conflict arises, the service to the law should outweigh the public service. This concept is contradictory to today’s practices. Policing has become â€Å"customer service†-oriented, where the customer is always right. The officers are members of the public, when they are in an off duty capacity, they are afforded the same rights as any other citizen. However, they should govern themselves as an upstanding citizen because they do represent the law. The final concept indicates the effectiveness of policing is the lack of crime and disorder. This concept is known as preventative policing. In today’s society, the crimes are not occurring where there is a high police presence. So, Peel’s principles are still used to some extent. The demographics have changed since his time. People and crimes have evolved. People’s values have changed, whereas they are tolerant of certain crimes. The attitudes toward police have changed. In a location where there is a strong police presence, fewer crimes occur. This is consistent with Peel’s concept. However, if the demographics of the neighborhood are less desirable, the people of the neighborhood indicate the police are prejudiced and do not want the police in the neighborhood. Thus, more crimes occur in this less protected neighborhood. If fewer police are present, the response time for an officer to an incident is longer because there are fewer officers and more calls. The ratio of officers to calls is higher. In these cases discrimination is blamed for the increased of police presence and the lack of it as well. The affected parties assume they are discriminated against because more police are in their areas, where more crime occurs. However, when the police are not present, they blame the police for the increase in crime because the police are not present. In conclusion, most of Sir Robert Peel’s principles can be applied to the organization of a police department today. In fact, many departments in England still work by his principles. Some need to be altered to accommodate today’s society to be more â€Å"customer† friendly. The United States Constitution and Bill of Rights need to be recognized, as well such as the Due Process Clauses to both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments if his principles are applied.

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay Last year couple of authors tried their best to attempt to identify production planning and control (PPC) top authors. Fernandes, et al. published an article whose main goal is to classify the top PPC authors by means of a survey on PPC researchers. They identified top 10 authors, their influence and impact in PPC. The main contributions of Fernandes et al. (July 2009, pp. 461-478(18)) Identified (among a great number of books regarding PPC) the books that has more influence on the PPC area, Guided the study of PPC by means of presenting the main books and authors of PPC, Showed the most valuable work of the PPC top authors, initiating a process of determining who the PPC gurus are. Gonzalez, et al. (July 2008, pp. 461-474) investigated the relationship between planning reliability and project performance and found out that variability is a well-known problem in construction projects which leads to the general deterioration of project performance. In this paper, the authors report on a detailed research analyzing this relationship during the construction phase of a home building project at activity and project levels. By doing so, two indexes proposed An activity planning reliability index called the process reliability index (PRI) A project aggregate labor productivity index, called the project productivity index (PPI). Statistical analyses using the proposed indexes conducted showing positive and strong relationships between planning reliability and performance at activity and project levels. The research findings provide the guidelines of a preliminary methodology to forecast the impacts of planning reliability over project performance when lean production methodologies are applied in project planning and control. Orsoni et al. (July 2007, pp. 19-31) Tried to explain remote scheduling of production activities they said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. This paper also proposes design guidelines and performance measures against which production managers can evaluate and improve their solutions. Lima, R. M. et al. (October 2006, pp. 3693-3709) did some work on distributed production planning and control agent-based system and said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions, highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. Stevenson, Mark (Feb2006, pp. 767-790) conducted research on Refining a Workload Control (WLC) concept to improve the applicability of the approach to the shop characteristics found in practice. This is a two-stage process leading to significant conceptual refinements to a key WLC methodology. The first stage focuses on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) based on a WLC concept designed for Make-To-Order (MTO) companies. Refinements made include changes to the backwards scheduling procedure and the way in which jobs are released onto the shop floor. The second stage focuses on the process of implementation. Using a case study of a MTO company, the paper describes the strategy taken to overcome a number of prerequisites to the successful implementation of a Production Planning and Control (PPC) concept. Issues addressed include grouping machines and determining capacities. This case study adds to the available literature by looking specifically at implementing WLC from the customer enquiry stage, while the case study experience also provides further refinements to the WLC concept. Manufacturing companies often complain about the difficulties they face in meeting their customers logistic requirements. Many blame the perceived inadequacies of their production planning and control (PPC) software for their performance deficits. PPC software is just one of six configuration aspects of the entire PPC system. The authors argue that the configuration of the PPC aspects objectives, processes, objects, functions, responsibilities and tools has carried out methodically and consistently in order for the PPC system to function properly. The analysis of examples of so-called `stumbling blocks of PPC, inadequate configurations of one or several of the aspects supports this claim. There investigation closes with the proposal of a checklist that the authors suggest as a first approach to ensure the consistent configuration of PPC systems. (Wiendahl et al. Oct 2005). Investigated Stumbling blocks of PPC they found out M. Stevenson et al. (March 2005, pp. 869-898) presented a review of production planning and control. The paper reviews classic approaches to Production Planning and Control (PPC) such as Kanban, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Theory of Constrains (TOC) and elaborates upon the emergence of techniques such as Workload Control (WLC), Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), Paired cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (POLCA) and web- or e-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) solutions. A critical assessment of the approaches from the point of view of various sectors of the Make-To-Order (MTO) Industry presented. The paper considers factors such as the importance of the customer enquiry stage company size degree of customization and shop floor configuration and shows them to play a large role in the applicability of planning and control concepts. The paper heightens the awareness of researchers and practitioners to the PPC options, aids managerial system selection de cision-making, and highlights the importance of a clear implementation strategy. WLC emerges as the most effective Job Shop solution; whilst for other configurations there are several alternatives depending on individual company characteristics and objectives. The paper outlines key areas for future research, including the need for empirical research into the use of Workload Control in small and medium sized MTO companies. Zà ¼lch G.,  Fischer J. (March 2003, pp. 146-154) enumerated that during the realization of the CAESAR planning games, which has been supported by the European Leonardo da Vinci Programmed the use of modular planning games within a global scenario has shown to be very effective in concisely relaying educational content from the area of production management. In particular the close-to-reality situations have proven time and again to be highly motivating for seminar participants. In order to improve the transferability of acquired knowledge into practice the IFAB-Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering of the University of Karlsruhe has further developed the INSIGHTS-PPC planning game for production planning and control in such a way that the planning tasks to be tackled are set in direct relation to market similar repercussions. This realized in a new market share model. The market share model explained, paying particular attention to the practical consequences, which come a long with the implementation of such a model. Despite the potential of the developed market share model and the positive feedback from seminar participants there is a risk of the participants being diverted from the intended educational content, that of production logistic fundamentals and techniques, and of them perceiving the focus of the seminar as a relaying of market mechanisms. Starbek M.   Grum J. (December 2000, pp. 443-450) found out there is much computer-aided production planning and control (PPC) systems available on the market which can provide a solution to the complex task of production planning and control. However, the question remains, how can a company find an optimal system from the vast amount of available systems? Olhager J.   Wikner J. (April 2000, pp. 210-222) worked on Production planning and control tools, There are numerous tools available to be used for production planning and control purposes. The number of tools is ever increasing, and so are the levels of sophistication as well as complexity. For the specific manufacturing firm, the task of selecting the most appropriate set of tools is not trivial. However, in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are suitable has increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trends, issues and ideas. Wiendahl et al. (December 1999, pp. 718-726) touched a general approach to disassembly planning and control and their findings are closing product and material cycles have emerged as a paradigm for industry in the 21st century, and are directed towards an economical and responsible use of our limited resources. Disassembly plays a key role in recycling. It enables the recovery of functioning components for re-use of pure materials for re-utilization and the separation of harmful substances. Major challenges presented by the enormous variety of products disassembled, by uncertainty as to quantity and by their unknown properties. An appropriate planning and control of disassembly processes is essential for an economic disassembly. Based on an investigation of the suitability of common production planning and control (PPC) methods for disassembly, a specific disassembly planning and control concept (DPC) outlined. Moscoso P. G et al. (November 1999, pp. 1492-1506) Investigated on modeling framework for complementary design of production planning and control systems and said In a business era characterized by a dazzling rate of change, the improvement of production planning and control begins to be a main objective for manufacturing industries. This paper postulates four main statements to be considered for the design of production plans and control systems (PPC-systems) comprising human and technical sub-systems. The first is that production models required for the design of PPC-systems (i.e. design models) cannot be identical to production models required for planning and control of production systems (i.e. regulatory models). The design of PPC-systems must primarily focus on the quality of interaction between the regulatory models. This insight supports the second statement, which postulates that the design of PPC-systems requires a complementary design approach. Complementary design means t o take explicitly into account that human and technical sub-systems- based on the differences in strengths and weaknesses of both- can achieve through their interaction a new quality, possible neither to human nor technical sub-systems alone. The third statement is that a complementary design of PPC-systems will only be possible if a fundamental change of mind from a static to a dynamic as well as from a technical to a socio-technical perception (i.e. a complete perception) of production systems takes place. Without a complete perception of production systems, designed PPC-systems will not be sufficiently reliable, maintainable and flexible, will be difficult to comprehend, and their elements will not be re-usable for further applications. The fourth statement is that the integral support of the design process requires a dual modeling framework comprising a meta- and an object-model. Considering these fundamental insights that were confirmed by a practical case study, a dual modelin g framework for the design of PPC-systems which incorporates criteria for complementary design is outlined. Tatsiopoulos I. P.   Mekras N.D. (July 1999, pp. 414-425) tried to find out an expert system for the selection of production planning and control software packages and presents a rule-based expert system that can be used for the selection of a suitable production planning and control (PPC) software package to be applied in a manufacturing firm. A production systems typology and a compact PPC software reference model are included in the knowledge base, which created. The inferences made based on rules that relate a semantic network of PPC software features with a semantic network of production systems attributes. The results given by the expert system include the module architecture and the set of features of the PPC software package, which are applicable in a certain manufacturing setting. Wiendahl H-P.   Breithaupt J-W. (June 1999 pp. 389-401) Worked on modeling and controlling the dynamics of production systems and infrared that nowadays, in a fast-changing production environment, companies have to adapt their production structures rapidly. Therefore new methods for production planning and control (PPC) are required that consider these dynamic changes. Todays PPC systems mainly based on static models now a dynamic production model has been developed applying methods of control theory. Using the funnel model and the theory of the logistic operating curve, a continuous model of a single production system developed. For the control task, backlogs as well as a work-in-process (wip) controller developed. The controllers interact to adjust the capacity and input rate of the work system to eliminate the backlog as soon as possible and to set the wip to a defined level. Simulation experiments confirm that this concept ensures the synchronization of capacity and work. In an ongoing research project, an extended model for several work systems connected via the material flow designed, which based on the elementary one. A suggestion to integrate the strategy into PPC on the planning level already been generated. The objective of this approach is to develop the present open-loop control realized in PPC into a closed-loop control with defined control and reference variables. Gaalman G.J.C.   Suresh N.C. (February 1999, pp. 5-17) Conducted research work towards an Integration of Process Planning and Production Planning and Control for Flexible Manufacturing Systems and this introduction article attempts to present some major issues relating to the integration of process planning and production planning and control (PPC) for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). It shows the performance of an FMS significantly improved and FMS capabilities more effectively utilized by integrating process planning and PPC functions. The various types of flexibility to be planned and provided for in process planning and manufacturing are summarized in the article, as well as emerging conceptual frameworks for integration, along with their implementation requirements and problems. Distinctive elements that differentiate these frameworks, such as the extent of integration of process planning and PPC activities, number of alternative process plans, and the time at which nume rical control programs are generated, are discussed, followed by a brief summary of the articles compiled for this special. Luczak H. Et al. (July 1998, pp. 448-456) Analyzed PPC-systems, re-engineering or replacement and concluded the growing number of production enterprises that use software systems to support the production planning and control (PPC-systems) and the limited life-time of these systems imply that many enterprises have to decide whether or not an existing PPC-system is worthwhile reengineering. The factors that have an impact on this decision are non-quantifiable. Porter, J.K. et al. (1996) discussed Production planning and control system developments in Germany and briefly explained the impact of MRP on UK manufacturing industry in the context of the next generation of developments. Draws a contrast with production planning and control systems in Germany, which derive shop floor control through different architecture of business control systems. Presents the state of these developments in Germany as analyzed by a leading academic institution (the FIR at Aachen University of Technology). Compares this with UK developments, as seen by the Liverpool short-term scheduling group, which recently has analyzed production planning/ scheduling practice in a range of different companies across various industry types. In early 1990s computer aided process planning with relation to production planning and control brought into practice, which provided integration between both of them. Hermann Kà ¼hnle et al. (1994, pp. 21-27) Introduces concepts for the integration of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) and Production Planning and Control (PPC). Characterizes the current situation regarding integration by a one-way communication from CAPP to PPC, since a revised link not envisaged. Introduces a new approach to full integration by the extension of functions within both systems components as well as integration of both data and information technology.

Analyzing Social Class and Humanity in Samuel Becketts Waiting for God

Analyzing Social Class and Humanity in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Seinfeld Typically, the relationships between theatre and film are encountered--both pedagogically and theoretically--in terms of authorial influence or aesthetic comparisons. In the first method, an instructor builds a syllabus for a "Theatre and Film" course by illustrating, for example, how Bergman was influenced by Strindberg. In the second method, the aesthetic norms of the theatre (fixed spectatorial distance and stage-bound locations) are compared to those of the cinema (editing and location shooting) to determine which art form is better suited (or "superior") to which material. My work proposes a broader view of the theatre-film interface, one that relies on intertextuality as its interpretive method. I believe it is valuable-both pedagogically and theoretically-to ask broad questions about the aesthetic, narrative, and ideological exchanges between the history of theatre and contemporary film and television. For example, this paper will study how the "Chinese Restaurant" episode of the sitcom, Seinfeld, intertextually reworks Samuel Beckett's modernist play, Waiting for Godot. In each text, characters encounter an existential plight as they are forced to wait interminably, and thus confront their powerlessness at the hands of larger social forces. As a pedagogical matter, this connection encourages the students to see academic culture in the guise of having to read Beckett's play for my course, not as foreign and alienating, but instead as continuous with their understanding of leisure activities like watching sitcoms. As a theoretical matter, this in tertextual connection allows important ideological matters to come into bold relie... ...ng it in light of Godot, we can appreciate something much more fundamental, that Seinfeld is every bit as humanitarian as Godot because it shows how our human frailties militate against our desire to end all human contact with others. Any critic who out-of-hand dismisses the sit-com as trash should for this reason alone be thoroughly distrusted, because the desperate communitarian cultural function of the sitcom has been completed ignored. I suggest that there are reasons we watch sitcoms that are not all reducible to the notion that we are stupid, cultural dupes. Seinfeld, as well as Waiting for Godot, offers us insights into what makes us human. At some basic level, this is a compelling explanation for why we care to watch television as much as it is for why we go to live theatre. Works Cited Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove P, 1954.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Essay -- Biology

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Abstract- Meningitis and Encephalitis symptoms are almost identical to those of the flu or common cold. Most symptoms are exceedingly subtle, and immediate diagnosis is crucial, because meningitis and encephalitis can become deadly in a matter of hours. There are many different forms of diagnosis, each equally important. Differentiating between bacterial and viral forms of the disease is important because treatment and severity differs. Meningitis is more prevalent in the elderly, the very young, and those with immune deficiency diseases. After his first trip to Africa, Brad Pitt came down with a mild case of viral meningitis. Luckily, Brad was diagnosed and treated in time by the finest doctors in Los Angeles. However, the meningitis could have turned deadly had the star not sought immediate medical attention. Meningitis can turn deadly in a matter of hours, but so few people recognize the symptoms. Mostly meningitis symptoms are comparable tom the common cold. There are signs, though, and accurate diagnosis procedures to ensure full and healthy lives for everyone. Meningitis is a potentially deadly disease with generally common symptoms. It can be either a viral or bacterial infection of a person?s spinal fluid. It also affects the fluid surrounding the brain. Meningitis usually started with either a viral or bacterial infection generally of the respiratory tract. Meningitis is much more common in the very young, very old, and people with immune systems that have been affected by an STD, such as HIV/AIDS. Symptoms in babies are often extremely difficult to detect as they cannot voice their grievances Meningitis symptoms in infants are almost impossible to visibly sepa... ...Control And Prevention. 12 Oct. 2005. 31 July 2006 http:///www.cdc.gov/ncidod/DBMD/diseaseinfo/meningococcal_g.htm. "Infections Meningitis." Kids Health For Parents. Ed. Elena Pearl Ben- Joseph, MD and Neil Izenberg, MD. Mar. 2004. Nemours Foundation. 31 July 2006 http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html "Meningitis." Wikipedia. 31 July 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Meningitis. Meningitis. Ed. Mary L. Gavin, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Nov. 2004. Kids Health. 1 Aug. 2006 meningitis.html>. Encephalitis. Ed. Barbara P Homeier, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Jan. 2005. Kids Health. 1 Aug. 2006 bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html>. "Encephalitis." Wikipedia. 30 July 2006. 1 Aug. 2006 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis>. Symptoms and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Essay -- Biology Symptoms and Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis Abstract- Meningitis and Encephalitis symptoms are almost identical to those of the flu or common cold. Most symptoms are exceedingly subtle, and immediate diagnosis is crucial, because meningitis and encephalitis can become deadly in a matter of hours. There are many different forms of diagnosis, each equally important. Differentiating between bacterial and viral forms of the disease is important because treatment and severity differs. Meningitis is more prevalent in the elderly, the very young, and those with immune deficiency diseases. After his first trip to Africa, Brad Pitt came down with a mild case of viral meningitis. Luckily, Brad was diagnosed and treated in time by the finest doctors in Los Angeles. However, the meningitis could have turned deadly had the star not sought immediate medical attention. Meningitis can turn deadly in a matter of hours, but so few people recognize the symptoms. Mostly meningitis symptoms are comparable tom the common cold. There are signs, though, and accurate diagnosis procedures to ensure full and healthy lives for everyone. Meningitis is a potentially deadly disease with generally common symptoms. It can be either a viral or bacterial infection of a person?s spinal fluid. It also affects the fluid surrounding the brain. Meningitis usually started with either a viral or bacterial infection generally of the respiratory tract. Meningitis is much more common in the very young, very old, and people with immune systems that have been affected by an STD, such as HIV/AIDS. Symptoms in babies are often extremely difficult to detect as they cannot voice their grievances Meningitis symptoms in infants are almost impossible to visibly sepa... ...Control And Prevention. 12 Oct. 2005. 31 July 2006 http:///www.cdc.gov/ncidod/DBMD/diseaseinfo/meningococcal_g.htm. "Infections Meningitis." Kids Health For Parents. Ed. Elena Pearl Ben- Joseph, MD and Neil Izenberg, MD. Mar. 2004. Nemours Foundation. 31 July 2006 http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html "Meningitis." Wikipedia. 31 July 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Meningitis. Meningitis. Ed. Mary L. Gavin, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Nov. 2004. Kids Health. 1 Aug. 2006 meningitis.html>. Encephalitis. Ed. Barbara P Homeier, MD and Joel Klein, MD. Jan. 2005. Kids Health. 1 Aug. 2006 bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html>. "Encephalitis." Wikipedia. 30 July 2006. 1 Aug. 2006 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis>.

Assess Reasons

Assess the reasons why Thatcher's economic policies were controversial There is little which unites Thatcher's passionate supporters, and equally passionate critics. However, both camps would agree that she was, without question, one of the most controversial prime ministers the UK has seen, and her economic policies were at the heart of that controversy. She instituted an economic revolution in the KICK, bringing the post-war consensus to a crashing halt, and replacing it with a free-market ideology which remains in place today.So there is surprisingly little controversy over whether she was successful in implementing her policies, but rather the controversy is whether her economic policy successes were either necessary or desirable. There is no answer to this conundrum, as any answer must be dependent upon the values of the beholder. All of her individual policies, such as monetarism, prevarication, and trade union reform, generated their own controversies, but perhaps the greatest controversy was over the sort of nation which those reforms created.The first, and perhaps most controversial, economic policy Thatcher imposed was monetarism. This theory, described as â€Å"crazy† by revises Tory Chancellor, Reginald Maudlin, envisaged controlling inflation through restricting the money supply, and Thatcher moved quickly in her first term to implement it, through a squeeze on public spending and an increase in interest rates to a high of 17% to restrict borrowing. The first controversy was whether monetarism even worked. Supporters argued that it was responsible for bringing inflation down from 19% in 1979, to 5% in 1983.Opponents, on the other hand, argued that this had more to do with the descent of the UK economy into recession during Thatcher's first term, and a crease in the price of oil following the Iranian revolution in 1979. Perhaps a clue as to the correct answer can be found in Thatcher's quiet abandonment of any attempts to control the money su pply early in her second term. Nevertheless, almost irrespective of whether monetarism directly lowered inflation, what is not in dispute is that it did cause a rapid growth in unemployment, from 5. 7% in 1979 to 13% in 1982.As unemployment topped mm, higher than at any time since the great depression of the sass, riots broke out in major cities, with particularly severe violence in Text and Britton. The depth of the controversy over the economic choices Thatcher was making can be illustrated not only by burning barricades in the inner cities, but also by the arguments within her own Cabinet, with the â€Å"wets†, led by Jim Prior, urging her to change course. Ultimately, the most significant controversy over monetarism was that all governments since the war had seen the maintenance of full employment as their primary economic policy goal.Thatcher saw unemployment, even mass unemployment, as a price worth paying for controlling inflation, which she saw as a greater evil. The fact that monetarism inspired riots, furious public opposition, and internal dissent, might imply that it was the most controversial of her economic policies. Nevertheless, even after the abandonment of monetarism, Thatcher's next flagship economic policy was to inspire yet more controversy : the crushing of the trade unions.Thatcher saw the Unions as â€Å"the enemy within†, and blamed them for the defeat of the last Conservative government in 1974. Again breaking with the post-war consensus, she saw trade unions not as partners to work as part of a troika with Government and employers, UT as implacable foes of the free-market. She gambled that the Winter of Discontent had undermined support for unions, and set out to destroy their influence. First she passed three Employment Acts in 1 980, 1 982 and 1 984, and then she defeated both the miners and the print-workers in their respective strikes.Even her opponents would concede that she was extremely successful in achieving he r goals, as union membership fell from 50% of the workforce in 1979 to less than 35% in 1 990, while strike days lost fell from 29. Mm in 1979 to 1 -mm in 1990. However, it was those goals which ere controversial, and again, that controversy was based on different views Of what a Government's priority should be. Other post-War Governments had accepted the concept that improving terms and conditions, and seeking to obtain increases in real wages for employees, was a desirable goal.Thatcher and her supporters, however, took the view that such aims were impediments to the functioning of a free-market, in which employers could only compete effectively if they had the right to hire and fire at will, and if employees could be forced to accept lower wages and less secure terms and notations. If previous Governments had seen their role as a neutral arbiter between workers and managers, Thatcher placed the government very firmly behind managers and owners of businesses, while arguing that th is was also in the interests of employees.At the time, the controversy centered on the immediate struggles of the Miners' Strike and the Yapping Dispute, with whole communities in mining areas laid waste. However, perhaps the real controversy is over the impact of the policy in the longer term. Thatcher's supporters argue that breaking the unions led to more efficient businesses, deter able to compete in the global marketplace, and point to such evidence as in increase in growth rates from an average of 1. % in the period 1950-79, to 2. 1% in 1979-90. The opposing argument, however, is that while the GAP of the UK rose by 108% in the thirty years after Thatcher's election, the proportion of GAP paid in wages has declined from 65% to less than 50%, with a far higher proportion of GAP going to the wealthiest in society through non-wage income such as dividends and bonuses.

Ibsen’s Nora: A Character Analysis

Nora in   A Doll’s House (1888) represents the oppressed woman of all ages. She begins as a conventional housewife dominated by her husband Torvald Helmer. From the role of a docile housewife she gradually emerges as a rebel with a cause. In the last decade of nineteenth century she got worldwide   attention as a   rebellious protagonist who fought against patriarchy. However, she begins as a conventional housewife of nineteenth century and it is the force of circumstances that brings about a sudden awakening in her. She stormed the complacent society, and the play became the subject of debates and discussions. She challenges the male domination   by slamming the door on her puritan husband and leaving his three small children. She refuses to live with a â€Å"stranger† who treats her as a doll wife, imposes all his restrictions on her, but does not support her at the greatest crisis of her life. In   Pillars of   Society Ibsen also created a liberated woman named Lona Hessel, the protagonist who surpassed the male characters and thereby introduced a new dimension to drama. The most striking thing about Nora’s character is her mental growth. In the first and second Acts Nora dutifully plays the roles of a devoted mother preparing for Christmas and a wife who dares to forge her father’s signature to defray the expenses of a trip to Italy for the restoration of her husband’s health. As a member of patriarchal society she accepts the affectionate pet names given by her condescending husband such as   Ã¢â‚¬Å"little squirrel† , â€Å"little skylark† â€Å"little featherbrain† and â€Å"little â€Å"scatterbrain†.(Ibsen.148). Her delight at her husband’s promotion as bank manager with promise of   Ã¢â‚¬Å"heaps and heaps of money†(p.155) is eclipsed by the emergence of a Machiavellian blackmailer named Krogstad. Nora makes a desperate attempt to live happily and peacefully by reinstating Krogstad, who is also implicated in forgery,   but gets involved in more lying. But Helmer   refuses to be seen influenced by his   wife. Helmer’s vanity is hurt by Christian name calling by his classmate which Nora thinks as petty. Throughout the play her innocence is interpreted by Helmer and Mrs.Linde as immaturity. She tells   Nora : â€Å"You are only baby, Nora†(p.158) To   Helmer she at times appears to be   Ã¢â‚¬Å"extremely obstinate† and â€Å"irresponsible†(p.187).Without this trait, her desertion of her husband and children for going on a solo journey of self-education and self-discovery would not be dramatically convincing. At the climax she waits for the miracle to save her from the blackmailer; but it never   Ã‚  happens. A letter from Krogstad shatters their eight-year-old conjugal life. She charges her husband: â€Å"You and Papa have committed a grievous sin against me: It’s your fault that I’ve made nothing of my life.(p.226) But Helmer was too much of a prig to regard her anything more than a spendthrift wife. Her responsible act of borrowing money on her own is so much frowned upon by him that he calls her â€Å"a liar, a hypocrite – even worse a criminal!† (p.221) He considers her unfit to bring up the children, and later   laments that he is â€Å"brought so pitifully low all because of a shiftless woman.† (p.221) Yet after the critical situation is saved   by Mrs.Linde, Nora emphatically rejects the proposal of perpetuating the faà §ade of marital life â€Å"only in the eyes of the world of course.†(p.221) Nora is not simply the protagonist of A Doll’s House, she has become the symbol of women’s protest against the dead laws, conventions and the religions of all society. Her awakening is every woman’s awakening. Her assertion for individual freedom has a universal appeal: â€Å"I must stand on my own feet if I’m to get to know myself and the world outside.† (p.227) Work Cited: Watts, Peter (Trnsl.). Ibsen: Plays. Harmondsworth. Penguin. 1965 All quotations are from this edition. November 19, 2007 â€Å"You’ll see I’m man enough to take it all on myself.†p.190 Nora is affected vy Helmer’s belief that an atmosphere of lie and hypocrisy of a mother vitiates the atmosphere of a home   Nora is pale with fear and says in distress: â€Å"Corrupt my little children – poison my home? That’s not true! It could never, never be true.† P.181 ..Nora is awefully fightened to hide the truth   

Stakeholders Theory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholders Theory - Case Study Example Basis of determining business relationships: As per the shareholder's theory, corporate relationships are determined by legal or implied contracts. Thus, it recognizes accountability towards those parties with whom an explicit legal agreement has been entered into. This vastly limits the scope of accountibility.On the other hand the stakeholders' school of thought Escalation in value of shareholding: the shareholders theory endorses the objective of generating higher returns to the investment of the shareholders. Whereas the stakeholders' take is that, the corporation should strive to yield higher social returns to all the parties involved with it. Objective of wealth creation: escalation in the value of shareholding will result in greater wealth creation; therefore, it is consistent with the traditional corporate objective of profit maximization. The proponents of the shareholders theory maintain this. However, the other view is that, when the interest of the stakeholders is taken into consideration then there shall be fairer distribution in addition to wealth creation, which will promote the general welfare of society. The Tinged Shareholders theory contains a reconciliation of the main ideas of the two schools of thought. It makes allowance for moral and social obligations and at the same time retains the director's fiduciary duties and holds them responsible to the shareholders. The conflicting grounds of the normative and instrumental approaches are blurred in this theory. The traditional profit-maximizing objective of the shareholders theory is maintained, while incorporating the corporate social responsibilities as well, therefore it is consistent with moral duty. c) I find the stakeholders theory rather convincing. The recognition of commercial pursuits and social obligations appeal to me. The stakeholder's theory can justifiably claim to be superior because it upholds the interests of the owners without neglecting social welfare. If a company is profitable but its employees are a harassed lot, or its suppliers are bleeding dry because of the constant pressure of cutting costs, it defeats the purpose of corporate social responsibility. Singular motive of wealth creation can be ruthless if fair distribution and social welfare are neglected. A company owes responsibility towards it's employee's for improving their quality of life as much as it owes to it's customers for rendering quality at reasonable prices. .Wal-Mart is a case in point. This example demonstrates that commercial quests should not be divorced from social responsibilities.Wal Mart is the largest retailer in the world with a 20% market share in America and a formidable presence in retail in most parts of the world. It has gone overboard in its attempts to cut costs and increase profit margins. Recently exposed practices include locking overnight workers in its stores, allowing Wal-Mart maintaince contractors to use illegal immigrants as janitors. It is also known

Database in arcGIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Database in arcGIS - Essay Example As we have seen throughout this course, GIS is literally the picture that’s worth a thousand (or more) words. It’s little wonder that the use of GIS technology has expanded so exponentially since its initial development. In the case of the ACHS, the requirements required by the client are in keeping with their needs—and more. The truth is, ArcGIS can provide not only a more robust system for their currently applications, but considering the potential for growth, the proposed system would be unmatched. The growth of the GIS industry has resulted in a trend from an esoterically inclined group of computer geeks working on mainframes, to the common user on desktop computers. This trend will benefit the ACHS a great deal, not only allowing them to collect, store, and visualize their own information in a better format, but will give visitors to the ACHS a portal that will allow the most inexperienced user to benefit from the data available. It is also fortunate that the tool being suggested for use is Arc GIS, which is a full complement of GIS tools in one package. The net result of using ArcGIS for this application is the ability it will give a wide variety of users to work with the available data on their level of need as well as being within their ability to use the tool. Land use change studies. Land use data layers will allow city planners and others to see changes in the use of land through time. Assuming that the data available is accurate, those responsible for creating and maintaining datasets should find their tasks considerably easier. the historical datasets. These records will make keeping track of these persons/businesses easier and of greater value. This benefit is not only good for those who want to find long-lost relatives, but queries for a more general nature that can trace period history. City visualization. GIS