Environmental Science Report essay

Ecological Science Report exposition Ecological Science Report exposition Ecological Science Report essayIt is certifiably not a mystery that water contamination is one of the major natural concerns today. Water assumes a significant job not just in human utilization, water system and transportation framework, yet in addition it assumes a significant job in offering help to life chain working. The difficult that will be tended to in this paper is water contamination. The Gowanus Canal, in Brooklyn, New York, is one of the areas that create genuine natural issues. The Canal is 1.8 mile long and 100 foot wide. A wide scope of contaminations are found in this area. The Gowanus Canal used to be a noteworthy mechanical way, which represented flourishing of the country, however now it is a wellbeing peril for the country (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency, 2014).  The Gowanus Canal is limited by Park Slope, Cobble Hill, Carroll Gardens and Red Hook. The trench streams into New York Harbor. The development of the Canal was finish ed in 1869 so as to make the Gowanus Canal the key transportation course for New York City. There are numerous modern offices working along the trench, including â€Å"manufactured gas plants, factories, tanneries, and concoction plants† (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency, 2014). The significant objective of this report is to explore current ecological concerns becoming familiar with Superfund or landfill locales in assigned regions in and around NYC. The examination will be centered around the investigation of water contamination of the Gowanus Canal Superfund site.ResearchDescription of the verifiable point of view on the issue/issueThe Gowanus Canal was worked in 1869 to play out the elements of the major mechanical transportation course in NYC. Tainting of the Canal is brought about by hurtful substances or mechanical squanders from three made gas plants, a few paper factories, tanneries and synthetic plants, which are working along the Can al. Furthermore, sullying is brought about by floods from the neighborhood sewer frameworks that bring household squanders from homes and water from storm channels (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, 2014). The issue of water defilement is certainly not another ecological concern. If not appropriately controlled, the issue of water defilement may prompt environmental catastrophe in the area. Without a doubt, this natural concern ought to be limited by methods for powerful techniques. The issue of water sullying has been tended to by various natural associations, including the Environmental Protection Agency.Realization of the issue/issueIt is realized that the issues of the Gowanus Ð ¡anal have been distinguished on March 2, 2010 by the Environmental Protection Agency, when the Gowanus Canal was added to the Agency’s Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). The tainting of the Gownaus Canal has been appropriately examined at the site so as to create powerful ways to deal with address current ecological problems.The kinds of hazard appraisals done so as to understand the issue/issueAccording to the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, â€Å"actual or compromised arrivals of risky substances from the Site, if not tended to by executing the reaction activity, may introduce an up and coming and considerable peril to general wellbeing, government assistance or the environment† (Record of Decision, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency, 2014). To survey the dangers, the Environmental Protection Agency led a Remedial Investigation, which assisted with describing the idea of defilement in the Canal, its degree, the significant human wellbeing and natural dangers from presentation to pollution, the significant wellsprings of sullying, and the key physical and concoction attributes of the site that will influence the determination of the best possible cleanup procedures (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014) . The primary sorts of hazard appraisal incorporated a â€Å"bathymetric study, dregs, groundwater, surface water, air, fish tissue testing, and an examination of many channels that lead to the Canal† (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014). During the examination, in excess of 500 examples of residue from the Gowanus Canal were gathered by the environmentalists, just as in excess of 80 water tests, which distinguished the nearness of different contaminants. Furthermore, the biologists gathered around 200 fish, for example, striped bass, blue crab, eel and white roost so as to give a thorough examination of their tissue for the nearness of contaminants. What's more, they gathered air tests at the site where individuals would inhale while drifting and angling in the Canal (Gowanus Canal, New York Environmental Protection, 2014). The examining has demonstrated that water contamination water in the Canal is intensely contaminated.The significant potential poison s that may have influenced a communityThe potential poisons that may have influenced the nearby network have been appropriately explored by biologists. All things considered, the Gowanus Canal as a modern trench, and numerous contaminations have been found in its waters, in view of late examinations (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Ecological Protection Agency. 2014). Because of constant release activities, customary tempest water spillover, ebb and flow sewer surges and a wide scope of mechanical poisons, the Gowanus Canal has gone to the most broadly dirtied water body. The significant poisons incorporate polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), coal tar squanders, overwhelming metals (mercury, lead and copper) and unpredictable organics (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency. 2014). Along these lines, the pollution of the channel represents a genuine danger to the neighborhood networks, including the individual s who utilize the Gowanus Canal for different exercises, for example, angling and amusement activities.The media poisons voyaged throughThe media, poisons went through, incorporate three significant wellsprings of water sullying of the Canal: first, the sewage; second, the contiguous ventures, and third, the developing nearby network. For instance, the Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) is one of the significant wellsprings of sullying of the Canal (Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY 11231, U.S. Natural Protection Agency. 2014).The major direct impacts from harmful harming in a communityToxic harming effectsly affects people, vegetation of oceanic life. For instance, Polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs) effectsly affect amphibian life forms and people. This harmful substance has caused tumors in individuals and creatures when they have extensive stretches of skin contact with it. Individuals uncovered by skin contact to PAHs and different mixes in water can likewise create skin illnesses (Pub lic Health Statement for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), 1995).â Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) effectsly affect insusceptible framework and sensory system. Coal tar squanders, overwhelming metals (mercury, lead and copper) and unpredictable organics effectsly affect propagation capacity and lead to harming of organs (for example kidney brokenness, liver harmfulness, lung and respiratory maladies) and resistant capacity disorders.The logical information used to check the issue/issueThe logical information that can be utilized to confirm the issue/issue examined in this paper incorporates information diagrams and charts gave by the Environmental Protection Agency.Policy and RecommendationThe significant arrangement and monetary advancements that occurred so as to remediate the issue/issueThe significant strategies and financial improvements occurred so as to remediate the issue of the Gowanus Canal defilement. As per Pearsall (2013), â€Å"municipal governments have fus ed brownfield redevelopment programs into urban supportability intends to empower the redevelopment of the site into profitable uses† (p. 2293). Because of joint activities of the legislature and natural foundations, viable activities have been created to lessen the danger of tainting. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act administer the waters released to the Gowanus trench. In 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency finished the improvement of Cleanup Plan for the Gowanus Canal Superfund Site. The approach requires burning through $506 million for cleanup techniques to expel polluted dregs (Rodriguez, 2013).The genuine remediation methodology used to deliver this problemIn request to remediate the issue, the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency built up the correct techniques to address the issue of polluted residue. A portion of the segments of the real remediation method incorporate digging of amassed substance-tainted dregs put away over the commo n silt of the channel, the purported delicate dregs; development of an extraordinarily created multi-layered topping so as to forestall the development of polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons (PAHs) and remaining NAPL from regular residue, digging of the delicate silt found in the lower reach of the Gowanus Canal, giving off-Site warm treatment of dug silt and turning bowls, upkeep and control of the site, and other powerful cures. When all is said in done, in December 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency built up the draft of Feasibility Study, which evaluated the best choices for decreasing all dangers to human wellbeing and the common habitat from introduction to defiled water and residue in the Gowanus Canal (Feasibility Study: Gowanus Canal, 2011).Conclusion           Thus, it is important to infer that the issue of water contamination has been generally talked about by scientists as the Gowanus Canal speaks to expanded industrialization rate, yet in addition disregard of the nearby specialists and the U.S. government. Today the Gowanus Canal is seen as a

Business Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law Coursework - Essay Example (or on the other hand Divies) under the standard of vicarious risk. Boxes may in like manner have a case for noteworthy monetary misfortune. For Abraham and Crates to effectively guarantee under the law of tort, it must be shown that the components making up a fruitful case of carelessness exist: obligation, break, causation, and harm. On account of Lochgelly Iron and Coal Co. v M'Mullan (1934), it was expressed that the tort of carelessness 'appropriately means the complex of obligation, penetrate and harm in this manner endured by the individual to whom the obligation was owing'. It was in like manner expressed in Burton v Islington (1992) that 'it is presently rudimentary that the tort of carelessness includes three factors: an obligation of care, a break of that obligation and ensuing harm.' Based on the previous choices, the tort of carelessness to be noteworthy must have the accompanying components: (1) there is a legitimate obligation of care owed by litigant to the offended party; (2) a penetrate of that lawful obligation of care comprising of a demonstration or exclusion by the respondent; and (3) subsequent harm with respect to the offended party therefore such act or oversight by the respondent. [see additionally Markesinis, p. 69 (1999)] In the ongoing instance of Jones v BBC, 2007 WL 2187023 (QBD), Jones, an independent sound recordist for respondent BBC, guaranteed that he endured individual injury brought about by the carelessness of the litigants. During a chronicle of the bringing down of a windmill pole, and keeping in mind that Jones was strolling under the slanted pole, the windmill rotor fell onto his back causing serious spinal injury rendering him paraplegic. In administering for the petitioner, the court expressed that the BBC, as business, had accepted accountability for the wellbeing and security of consultants when they take a shot at BBC creations. Since the wellbeing group had distinguished a danger of the falling pole, a conversation before recording ought to have been made to caution the team not to go underneath it. Be that as it may, the wellbeing group didn't give the admonition. Such disappointment of BBC, through the wellbeing group, is viewed as careless which caused Jones' mishap. It had bee n held that it was officeholder upon BBC, its wellbeing team and the proprietors of the homestead as occupiers of the site to make strides further to those they had taken to guarantee that the BBC group didn't go under the pole during its bringing down. In the moment case, the shop chief penetrated the legitimate obligation of care expected of him considering the present situation when he neglected to give a wellbeing cautioning or risk cautioning subsequent to opening the windows onto the asphalt since it is sensibly predictable that such window impedes the way of the person on foot and is destined to cause a mishap. In this way, on account of Crowther v Kirklees Metropolitan Council (2006), the petitioner emergency vehicle driver asserted harms for individual wounds she supported when she went to the place of a patient where the road was a restricted circular drive without any pathways. At the point when offended party escaped the rescue vehicle and set her correct foot on the pro gression, as it was a high drop to the street, and her left foot on the ground, it entered an enormous imperfection revolved around a round utility spread estimating 5cm top to bottom, 40cm in width and 46 cm long. At the point when her foot entered the deformity, she went over to her left side lower leg, which she stressed. In administering for the offended party, the court expressed that it was sensibly predictable that the imperfection could bring about injury to people on foot. The

Activities to enhance learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exercises to upgrade learning - Essay Example Innovation can be utilized to upgrade learning and instruction. Customary homerooms are progressively being supplanted by virtual study halls in the globalized instruction framework. A portion of the frameworks that can be utilized in the advancement of internet learning incorporate the utilization of the crowd reaction frameworks and clickers. Simultaneously, propelled organizations are utilizing reenactment in the labs to set up the understudies from the expert market encounters. Separation learning happens when the student is isolated from the instructor geologically and time-wise. As per instructional innovation, separation learning is the way toward stretching out asset sharing chances to different homerooms using video and sight and sound interchanges. This article targets having an innovative investigate the online exercises that improve understudy learning, evaluation and commitment through basic reasoning. These logical proposals can enormously improve the learning results o f the N534 course. The Internet is one of the most significant media with regards to web based learning condition and innovation. Web based adapting particularly in nursing is known to diminish existence obstructions during the time spent learning. Web based learning can be altogether electronic or a cross breed of learning conditions. Cross breed learning will in general join virtual learning systems with up close and personal learning. The Internet is known to have presented the idea of pluralisation of spot. This implies people and take an interest in numerous situations utilizing a virtual air. On account of web based learning, the educator is liable for directing and coaching understudies. Be that as it may, the understudies are relied upon to have a solid self-drive. The e-learning air is known to give a stage to students’ conversations over the mainlands (Allen, 2007). Understudies in a nursing class can get to online assets, share significant records through online ap plications and submit assessment in the online homeroom (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). Innovation has permitted online understudies to associate with resources and guides. In the web based learning condition, materials are introduced through recording, sound taping, and connections to sites. There are intuitive sites intended to have web based learning situations (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). On account of learning conditions, the association can be constant, which is otherwise called simultaneous, or offbeat. Coordinated online connections involve the utilization of talk room during the time spent instructing (Allen, 2007). This includes composing. Nonconcurrent correspondence implies leaving messages that others can peruse in their comfort (Shea-Schultz and Fogarty, 2002). In the web based learning procedure, the whole projects and gathering courses are offered on the web. Online students can go to virtual colleges like California Virtual University. There are one of a kind materials that fill in as a methods for advancing internet learning and educating. Effective learning must be evaluated all the time. The technique for learning has an incredible effect during the time spent learning (Bonk and Zhang, 2008). The whole procedure and evaluation of learning require considerable institutional and monetary venture. Organizations must put resources into personnel advancement, foundation, and hardware. Innovation supported instructing systems significantly influence the manner in which educating and learning happens. This difficulties the customary connection between scholastic foundations and understudies. Understudies must be urged to take part in the learning procedure. This involves welcoming them to talk in the study hall (Shea-Schultz and Fogarty, 2002). This learning methodology can have a significant impact if the instructor makes a protected domain for the understudies to learn. The educator is required to sum up conversation every once in a while. This aides in feat uring key focuses and permits understudies to follow on the conversation (Allen, 2007). Th

Free Essays on Stalking

Following doesn’t stop alone Numerous individuals know the attributes of a stalker, however many individuals don’t realize how to manage a stalker. A portion of the answers for a following circumstance not to become lethal are to know the realities about following; they can be useful. You ought to likewise know the profile of a stalker. The exact opposite thing you have to do is play it safe when managing a stalker. Consistently 1.4 Americans are followed. Eight percent of ladies and two percent of men have been followed sooner or later in their lives. A large portion of the cases kept going less then one year, however some of them proceeded past five years. For female casualties, twenty-one percent of stalkers were outsiders. Eighty-seven percent of the stalkers are guys. The casualties run between the ages of 18 and 29. 45% of the casualties were compromised. 75% percent of the casualties were followed. Just 50% of following casualties record police reports. Furthermore, 25% percent of the casualties acquired controlling requests, yet the stalker damaged 80% percent of these. Just 24% of female casualties arraign and just 54% of the stalkers are indicted. The entirety of the realities utilized were from the casualty backing focus site. The profile of a stalker is critical to know on the off chance that you’re ever in a following circumstance. At times the stalker is an earlier private accomplice; yet regularly they just want a relationship with the casualty who was a colleague, collaborator and so forth. The stalker frequently fantasizes about their casualties. The dreams can be love arranged or irate and vindictive. Numerous stalkers have bombed connections and experience issues discussing straightforwardly with individuals. They dread dismissal. Numerous stalkers are clever and experience no difficulty of avoiding the law. Most stalkers are persuaded by a conviction that their casualty is the just a single they will ever â€Å"love,† or want of retribution for somebody that has wronged them. Being followed isn't the victim’s deficiency, however the... Free Essays on Stalking Free Essays on Stalking Following doesn’t stop alone Numerous individuals know the attributes of a stalker, however many individuals don’t realize how to manage a stalker. A portion of the answers for a following circumstance not to become deadly are to know the realities about following; they can be useful. You ought to likewise know the profile of a stalker. The exact opposite thing you have to do is avoid potential risk when managing a stalker. Consistently 1.4 Americans are followed. Eight percent of ladies and two percent of men have been followed sooner or later in their lives. The vast majority of the cases kept going less then one year, yet some of them proceeded past five years. For female casualties, twenty-one percent of stalkers were outsiders. Eighty-seven percent of the stalkers are guys. The casualties extend between the ages of 18 and 29. 45% of the casualties were compromised. 75% percent of the casualties were followed. Just 50% of following casualties record police reports. What's more, 25% percent of the casualties got controlling requests, yet the stalker abused 80% percent of these. Just 24% of female casualties indict and just 54% of the stalkers are sentenced. The entirety of the realities utilized were from the casualty backing focus site. The profile of a stalker is critical to know in the event that you’re ever in a following circumstance. Once in a while the stalker is an earlier private accomplice; yet frequently they just want a relationship with the casualty who was a colleague, collaborator and so on. The stalker frequently fantasizes about their casualties. The dreams can be love situated or irate and vindictive. Numerous stalkers have bombed connections and experience issues discussing straightforwardly with individuals. They dread dismissal. Numerous stalkers are savvy and experience no difficulty of avoiding the law. Most stalkers are roused by a conviction that their casualty is the just a single they will ever â€Å"love,† or want of retribution for somebody that has wronged them. Being followed isn't the victim’s issue, however the...

Death and Human Dilemmas Creating Sympathy for the Characters in Romaneks Never Let Me Go - Literature Essay Samples

Mark Romanek explores the difficult choices that people make when faced with death in his film Never Let Me Go (2010). He explores the raw human emotions of jealousy and forgiveness through the characterisation of Ruth (Keira Knightley) and Kathy (Carey Mulligan). When faced with death, it is common to act out towards the people you care about, with this concept developed through the character of Ruth. However, people also want to forgive and be forgiven. These conflicting choices and subsequent actions that the characters’ face is crucial to the film. The dystopic storyline of cloning humans for their organs is so far removed from the audience’s own experiences, that they feel apathy for the characters. To counter this, the director successfully humanises Kathy and Ruth by placing them in situations that many people have also experienced, allowing the viewers to connect with the film emotionally. In doing so, Romanek positions them to question the ethics behind organ f arming, as the characters express very human qualities rather than acting as faceless objects. Romanek explores the human emotion of jealousy, particularly in the face of death, and how it is difficult to reverse the consequences. This emotion is illustrated by the character of Ruth, reflecting on and how she behaves towards Tommy and Kathy, as she was never wanted to be left alone. Ruth’s insecure and vulnerable qualities are present from the beginning of the film at Hailsham, which defines her actions. The director first introduces the character of Tommy at a time when he is teased by characters in his year level, including Ruth. Kathy is the only person in her year to approach and later befriend Tommy. However, as soon as Ruth sees that Kathy and Tommy are happy together, her jealous state causes her to cast her friendship with Kathy aside. Romanek foreshadows these actions in a scene at Hailsham, where Ruth and Kathy are gossiping in bed about the blooming relationships within their year-group. The scene opens with an over-the-shoulder shot from the perspective of K athy, with Ruth’s dialogue showing her interest in the love lives of their peers. Ruth’s change in body language and dialogue about how â€Å"Tommy’s changed† indicates her new opinion after seeing Kathy’s interest in him. Furthermore, having a dimmer light on Ruth rather than Kathy depicts her naà ¯ve behaviour and how Ruth will manipulate her friend to get what she wants. Ruth makes the conscious choice to disregard Kathy’s feelings towards Tommy so she can avoid her biggest fear of being alone. As the film progresses, so too does Ruth’s vulnerability and her jealousy towards her peers. Her jealousy reaches its climax while at ‘The Cottages’, which exemplifies their fate of being organ donors. Here, Ruth tries to regain control over the only possible aspect of her life, which is her relationships with others. Romanek highlights this idea in the scene where Kathy is listening to music, and Ruth interrupts with hurtful remarks. The backlighting on Ruth as she enters the room, paired with the eerie non-diegetic music and low-angle full shot, makes her appear sinister and powerful, which puts the audience on edge and unsure of the situation. Ruth’s spiteful but personal dialogue and open body language while belittling Kathy demonstrates her vulnerability momentarily, stating ‘Tommy and Kathy would be a more natural couple’. Romanek chooses to explore this concept to humanise the cold and disconnected character of Ruth, as she expresses the human quality of jealousy. Ruth’s choice of taking out her frustration about her personal problems towards Kathy is a painful one, which potentially jeopardises their friendship. These two scenes position the audience to question whether jealousy has caused difficult and unfortunate actions towards those they love. The director also explores how humans seek forgiveness and forgive others when death is nearby. The tense relationship between Ruth and Kathy exemplifies the importance of seeking forgiveness and forgiving others, however difficult it may be. When Kathy and Ruth meet after their times at ‘The Cottages’, Ruth has rapidly deteriorated and is close to ‘completion’. She convinces Kathy to take her and Tommy on a trip to the beach, where she confesses her wrongdoings and to make things right. The setting of the scene is on an empty beach, typically an area free from bias. Furthermore, the closed body language of Ruth, along with a mid-shot camera angle of her alone herself demonstrates her vulnerability before trying to make amends. When Ruth is telling Tommy and Kathy about the deferrals, they are shot together using a close-up reverse angle highlights the range of emotions expressed on their faces. By humanising the characters, the audience is positioned to not only reflect on their individual grudges but to question their mortality, by looking at the ‘quality vs quantity of life’ altercation. When Kathy returns to Ruth’s room, she accepts her apology and tells her that she is applying for the deferral. It is unclear whether Kathy has genuinely forgiven Ruth or if she is only doing so because she is close to ‘completion’. Romanek uses this difficult dilemma to position the audience to re-evaluate whether they should have forgiven others in the face of death and whether they did for the right reasons. The monochromatic colour scheme, the absence of non-diegetic sound and long pauses between Kathy and Ruth’s dialogue is used to create a sombre mood to reflect the bittersweet topic at hand. After this scene, a close-up shot shows Ruth on an operating table with the only diegetic sound being a heart monitor flat-lining. Romanek illustrates how people do not ‘complete’ until they have finally forgiven themselves. Romanek illustrates how individuals who face death have difficult choices to make, and how that has a significant impact on others. He humanises the characters by exploring the emotions of jealousy and forgiveness, causing the viewers to create emotional attachments. By removing the â€Å"us vs. them† mentality, it questions the ethics behind involuntary organ donations. The director uses various film techniques to emphasise that no matter the circumstances, we are all human in the end and therefore are worthy of fundamental human rights. The director openly encourages the audience of ‘Never Let Me Go’ to question the ethics of cloning humans, as the characters are continuously viewed as real people rather than merely replacement organs.

Propaganda and Power in Animal Farm - Literature Essay Samples

From Hitler to Hussein, the rise and fall of dictators has captivated historians and writers alike for centuries. British novelist George Orwell (1903-1950) was no exception. In his 1946 allegory Animal Farm, Orwell satirized the 1917 Russian Revolution and the subsequent decades of totalitarian Soviet oppression. The story takes place on a fictional farm where the maltreated animals rebel and overthrow their human overlords. They establish a seemingly utopian society where they work for and are governed by themselves; however, it doesn’t take long for the farm to deteriorate into a totalitarian state with a ruler who can only be described as a tyrant. The most pivotal factor responsible for this outcome is propaganda. Through the use of propaganda in the book, Orwell argues that a government’s power to control its people’s knowledge and views is that government’s capacity to manipulate and oppress. The first way that Orwell demonstrates the insidious power of propaganda is through the carefully crafted language used by the farm’s pigs, who incrementally assume all power and control over the other animals. For example, in chapter three, Squealer, who is essentially the mouthpiece of the despotic Napoleon, declares that â€Å"the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim, namely: ‘four legs good, two legs bad’ † (Orwell 34). This slogan is one salient example of oversimplification as well as â€Å"us vs. them† rhetoric—both propaganda ploys that Squealer uses to extract support from the animals. Another example of Squealer’s deliberate language is found in chapter nine, when the pig consistently refers to the animals’ shrinking shares of food â€Å"as a ‘readjustment’ of rations, never as a ‘reduction’ † (112). In this passage Squealer utilizes a form of propaganda know a s euphemism, where a word that clearly represents something negative is replaced by a word with a more neutral or even positive connotation. Squealer does this in order to prevent the animals from realizing the true severity of the food crisis, which might have led to some discontent among the animals about how things were going on the farm. One last instance of propaganda in Squealer’s language is his oft-reiterated appeal, â€Å" ‘Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones back?’ † (36). Squealer makes this query over and over throughout the book: first to defend the pigs’ hoarding of the milk and apples in chapter three, later to support his claim in chapter five that Snowball was actually a traitor, and towards the end to justify the pigs’ practice of sleeping in the humans beds. In all of these scenes, the question is a thinly veiled attempt to instill fear in the animals in order to make them comply with the pigs’ sc hemes. In conclusion, Squealer’s intentional language—his slogans, his euphemisms, and his appeals to fear—supports Orwell’s argument that propaganda gives those in authority the power to manipulate their people. A second and arguably more obvious illustration of this is the pigs’ practice of altering the history of the farm. One early instance of this occurs in chapter five after Snowball has been forcibly expelled from the farm, when Napoleon suddenly changes his mind and decides that he actually supports the idea of the windmill, which had originally belonged to Snowball. The animals are taken aback, but Squealer quickly explains that the proposition of the windmill had actually been Napoleon’s from the beginning, and that â€Å"the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon’s papers† (Orwell 57). This claim directly contradicts what the animals’ past experiences and knowledge, but they buy it completely because of the convincing manner in which Squealer presents it. Another example of this is when in chapter six, Napoleon announces that Animal Farm will begin engaging in trade with its hu man neighbors. The animals seem to remember passing resolutions against these sort of dealings after the toppling of Jones, and the smarter ones are vaguely suspicious. However, Squealer denies these recollections and challenges the animals, â€Å" ‘Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?’ † (64). Obviously none of the animals recorded it since none but the pigs can write, so they accept Squealer’s argument without objection. This is an audacious and risky maneuver on Squealer’s part that nevertheless succeeds due to his cunning propaganda, which subtly silences any unrest among the animals caused by the pigs’ questionable decisions. The last and probably most significant situation in which the pigs change the history of the farm pertains to the memory of Snowball. In chapter four, Snowball valiantly leads the animals in the successful vanquishing of Jones and his men at the Battle of the Cowshed. However, after Snowball’s expulsion from the farm in chapter five, the animals’ collective memory of their former leader is gradually corrupted by Squealer’s propaganda. First, in chapter five, Squealer ambiguously hints that â€Å" ‘the time will come when we shall find that Snowball’s part in [the battle] was much exaggerated’ † (55). Then, in chapter seven, Snowball abandons all subtlety and announces that newly-discovered documents left by Snowball have proved that â€Å" ‘he was Jones’ secret agent all the time’ † (79). Later in chapter eight, the animals learn from Squealer that Snowball had never, in fact, received the honor of Animal Hero, First Class after the battle—this misconception held by the animals could be traced to â€Å"a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself† (97). And finally in chapter nine, Squealer declares outright that Snowball had not just been a traitorous secret agent and betrayed Animal Farm during the battle, but Snowball himself â€Å"had actually been the leader of the human forces† (117) in the attack on the farm. It is plain as day that Squealer gradually and incrementally chips away at Snowball’s honor and reputation among the animals until, by the end, Snowball comes to be regarded as the absolute antithesis of the farm. He is said to be responsible for stolen items, poor harvests, and even the destruction of the windmill—â€Å"whenever anything went wrong, it became usual to attribute it to Snowball† (78). In other words, Snowball becomes Napoleon and Squealer’s scapegoat, blamed for any and every mishap and calamity, whether real or imagined. From the ruling pigs’ point of view, this convenient state of affairs kills two birds with one stone—not only can the pigs do no wrong (since any misdeeds are quickly blamed on Snowball), but also the unequivocal condemnation of Napoleon’s rival as a traitor of the worst breed allows Napoleon to solidify his power and weed out the competition. This is all accomplished by changing the animals’ views of the past—the very picture of, as the idiom goes, â€Å"history being written by the winners.† The last and most concrete manner in which the pigs use propaganda to further their own agenda is the changing of the Seven Commandments. Originally composed in chapter two, some of the more specific Commandments read: â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed. No animal shall drink alcohol. No animal shall kill any other animal† (Orwell 24-25). However, the animals soon begin to notice things amiss. In chapter six, the news leaks out that the pigs (who have moved into Jones’ vacated farmhouse) are sleeping in the beds. The smarter animals feel faintly concerned about this and consult the Seven Commandments, but they find that commandment number four actually states, â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets† (67). Later, the animals learn that the pigs have obtained wine and held a raucous party after which Napoleon nearly dies of a hangover. Again, the smarter individuals seem to remember that the Seven Commandments forbade alcohol, but when they look at the wall of the barn on which the Commandments are painted, they find only, â€Å"No animal shall drink alcohol to excess† (109). It all comes to a head when, in chapter seven, Napoleon and his dog enforcers perform a massive crackdown in which scores of animals are executed for various alleged crimes against the state. The bloody massacre downright appalls the farm, and this time practically all of the animals have the distinct feeling that the event violates their memories of the earliest guidelines laid down for Animal Farm. As a body they gather below the Seven Commandments on the wall, but they discover that the commandment in question actually proclaims, â€Å"No animal shall kill any other animal without cause† (91). In all three of these scenes, it is blatantly obvious that the commandments have been altered from their original forms. The means by which this occurs is revealed at the end of chapter eight, when in the middle of the night Squealer is caught outside t he barn with a ladder and bucket of white paint, rewriting the Commandments. This is possibly the most insidious incidence of propaganda in the book, but it is indisputably successful in accomplishing its goals; namely, to absolve the pigs of all responsibility for their questionable behavior, and thus to uphold the idealistic view of the farm and its rulers as infallible and exemplary in all things. Orwell utilizes Squealer’s carefully calculated language, the pigs’ practice of progressively mutating history (or the animals’ perceptions of the past), and Squealer’s repeated modification of the Seven Commandments to make his case that when a government has dominion and sway over people’s knowledge and perspectives through propaganda, that government has essentially free rein, and can manipulate, mislead, and oppress its people, all with relative impunity. This argument reflects Orwell’s apparent fascination with the rise and fall of Soviet Russia as well as the ideology behind communism, both of which heavily influenced Animal Farm. In the context of the arguments explained in this essay, the most important takeaway from the book is this: that the people of any state must be constantly on guard so that their government can never assume dominion over information and thought, and that they must never willingly surrender control of public op inion to their leaders. If they do so, they run the risk of falling victim to the kind of utter tyranny exercised by the pigs in Animal Farm—and, for that matter, by every other dictatorial class in history.

Obesity And Its Effects On Society - 997 Words

It is not what one does or how one looks, but it is the reaction of society or how society reacts that determines if an act is deviant or not (Goode, 2011). Obesity adheres to Goffman’s typology of stigma and deviance; abomination of the body and blemish of individual character (Goode, 2011). Terms such â€Å"Hog Bodies† or â€Å"Pigs in Human suits† are frequently used because the majority considers obesity as a product of immoral or deviant behavior. Furthermore, individuals that are not fat believe those that are obese became fat because they eat too much and lack self-discipline. One must understand that these views individuals hold on personal appearances vary with different standards that society creates with each generation (Goode, 2011). For example, a plump female in the Victorian period was believed to fertile, wealthy, and sexy. Her plumpness related to having enough food as a result of being wealthy. On the other hand, the supermodel Twiggy be came famous and the current trend was to be skinny. Over time, plumpness or curvy acceptance has gone back and forth. However, today’s society is so concern with being healthy that any sign of obesity results in whispers, glares, and the usage of the terms mentioned above to describe a fat individual. An obese person now holds a stigma and is viewed as deviant behavior. Fatness, Chubbiness, Portliness, or Tubbiness are all viewed as repugnant because our society, today, considers individuals possessing theseShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Society1455 Words   |  6 PagesObesity has been around for a decade that affects millions of people of the nation of the United States every day. According to the textbook â€Å"Understanding Psychology†, obesity is body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particular height (Feldman, 2012, pg. 325). This health problem not only affects adults but also a lot of children. Obesity has increased over the past decade, particularly people that are facing obesity are using inadequately devise dietsRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society1303 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and its Effects on Society ‘America is fat’, this statement repeated by numerous people in and out of healthcare profession and if someone don’t believe this statement, maybe the following statistic will change our mind. According to (CDC) Center for Diseases Control and prevention, obesity rate grew 65% between 1990 and 2002(Su). Still not convince? When most Americans read that statistics they have single question is ‘Why?’ How is the rate of obesity growing so fast? Is this the way weRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pagesscare some into not eating unhealthy as often, if at all. There will certainly be people will not be affected by the changes and continue to follow through with their usual habits, but there will be others who may end up moving to the other side. Obesity in the U.S. has increased substantially over time; according to the American Psychological Association, the rate has tripled within the last quarter century, and statistics con tinue to worsen regarding the matter (The Impact of Food Advertising†)Read MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Society And Government1352 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1960- is an issue that has been ignored for long enough and must become a matter that is acknowledged and discussed. Obesity affects both society and government; Therefore, society and government alike are responsible for facilitating this epidemic. In order to fight this health crisis, society should educate and encourage individuals about the risks and preventions of obesity but should not associate weight with a concrete appearance that cannot be broken, and government should should offer incentivesRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Today s Society2252 Words   |  10 Pagesa higher risk of developing coronary heart disease and other conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, sleep apnea, and the list just keeps going on. Some of the reasons that more and more people are becoming overweight in todayâ₠¬â„¢s society is for starts, the prices of unhealthy foods at supermarkets and fast food restaurants. The healthier food options are much more expensive than the unhealthy options. If someone wanted to go to a McDonalds to buy a cheeseburger for example, they couldRead MoreThe Reason Of Obesity And Obesity998 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Introduction: In these days, rates of overweight and obesity are growth faster in Australia. Fourteen million Australians are overweight or obese. More than five million Australians are obese. Australian adults (63%) are overweight or obese, almost 2 in 3. And children (25%) are overweight or obese. Obesity has overtaken smoking as the crucial cause of death and illness in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are 1.9 times as likely as non-indigenous Australians toRead MoreEffects Of The Fast Food Industry On Canadians1263 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will look at the effects of the fast food industry on Canadians, specifically, the raise of obesity in Canada due to the wide availability of fast foods. This topic is covered by providing a background about obesity, examining the health consequences, the economic impact, and looking at the social impact and the psychosocial impact on individuals diagnosed as obese. The paper was researched by reading about the subject matter in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature. The search termsRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On People, Cancers And Type 2 Diabetes1252 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Obesity has become a growing issue in the recent years and its increasing trend is now referred to as a ‘pandemic’ by many researchers and scientists. With a  £3.2 billion currently estimated cost of overweight and obesity to the NHS, one can understand the growing interest in this matter. This essay is going to discuss the bad effects of obesity on people, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and type-2 diabetes. Then, this essay will talk about the causes, and how junk food andRead MoreObesity Is A Major Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfour decades, the rate of obesity in America has been on the increasing end; two out of three Americans are either obese or overweight. The obesity epidemic has become a major problem in the United States which caused many serious effects on individual and society. It is an indiscriminate problem that negatively affect everyone from adults to children; which is a significant threat to the health of humanity that needs to be elimi nated. First, we need to know what obesity is. According to OxfordRead MoreHuman Related Obesity1090 Words   |  4 PagesIs obesity a disease or a human related cause? Researchers have studied this question for years and have come to a variety of different conclusions. Some believe that obesity is a disease and can only be prevented by medications, while others believe that obesity is a human related cause and can be only prevented by a healthy diet and exercise. The American Medical Association (AMA) recently announced that obesity is officially a disease. Dr. Patrice Harris, a member of the American Medical Association

Prison System And The State Of Justice And Managed The...

The Brazilian prison system is owned by the government under the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and managed the National Penitentiary Department. Brazil has the fourth largest prison in the world with an estimated population of 607,731 as it is right below the United Stated, China, and Russia. There are four different types of imprisonment facilities as explained by Patrick Bruha in the article, Prison System in Brazil: †¢ Closed in which the jail time is enforced in a penitentiary, in a prison cell. The inmate is subject to daily hours of work and sun and is at all times subject to supervision †¢ Semi-open in which the inmate is given a little more liberty. The inmate may be granted temporary leave and is subject to minimum control inside the imprisonment facility †¢ Open, in which the inmate’s detention occurs only at night, during weekends and holidays. In this regime, the inmate is allowed to work and/or study outside the imprisonment facility Although there are a high number of prison systems, it remains to be one of the most crowded in the world with high rates of criminal recidivism of about 70% of all releases re-offending. There is a shortage of staff to maintain daily functioning of the prisons resulting in inmates to govern themselves. Overcrowding and staff shortage remains the underlying issue in the Brazilian prison system leading to poor living conditions and limited integration resources. In the journal article, Inmate Governance in BrazilianShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCriminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals with the various means of fighting crimes as regards to penalties and other measures of security, while Penitentiary Science is limited onlyRead MoreAlcatraz as a Tourist Attraction Essay3109 Words   |  13 Pages Its 1934, prohibition is the law, and organized crime is booming. Youve been convicted of tax evasion and have spent the last couple years at the Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary. With several thousand dollars stuffed in the hollow handle of your tennis racket, and a warden in your pocket, youve been living life like a king. But all thats about to come to and end, you find yourself standing on Pier 41, Fishermans Warf, San Francisco bay. Its early morning and the fog obscures your view. As itRead MoreHistory And Current Dynamic Of Sandstone3370 Words   |  14 Pages but anything is better than being assaulted. (Records) This paper will discuss the history and current dynamic of Sandstone, inmate demographics, services available to them, staff demographics and their style of this staff. In 1931, the United States was in the middle of the Great Depression. After the black market crash the country was in poor economic shape. Sandstone was not immune from the hardships of the Great Depression. Sandstone’s economy was centered on its famous sandstone quarry. SandstoneRead MoreThe Changing of the Guard: A Progressive Study of the Privatization of Prisons3439 Words   |  14 PagesThe Changing of the Guard: A Progressive Study of the Privatization of Prisons Abstract Privatization of prisons is not exactly a novel concept. The Federal Government has been contracting out such things as the building of new prisons, the operating of prisons, and providing goods and services to prisons since 2003. Some of the companies that the government trusts to do all of this are Corrections Corporation of America, and The GEO Service Group, formerly known as Wackenhut. Although the governmentRead More The Privatization of American Prisons Essay4419 Words   |  18 PagesPrivatization of American Prisons Introduction Since 1984, the California Penal System has been forced to undergo drastic changes resulting from increased legislation aimed at increasing the severity of retribution to offenders leading to an exponentially increasing prison population. In the 132 years between 1852 and 1984, the state of California built twelve prisons, but has since supplemented the prison system with 21 new facilities. In 1977, the California Department of Corrections wasRead More Alternatives to the Death Penalty Essay3946 Words   |  16 PagesPutnam 347). There are an uncertain numerous amount of incidents similar to the one depicted above, that have repeatedly occurred throughout the course of history. Two highly distinguishable figures in the area of capital punishment in the United States, Hugo Bedau and Michael Radelet, discovered in 1992, at least 140 cases, since 1990, in which innocent persons were sentenced to death (Hook and Kahn 92). In Illinois alone, 12 death row inmates have been cleared and freed since 1987 (Execution Reconsidered)Read MoreGangs and Organized Crime in the United States3905 Words   |  16 PagesGangs and Organized Crime in the United States Criminal Justice Janaree Nagel 10/15/2011 Gangs and Organized Crime in the United States is on the rise. With the increase in turf wars, position and the financial gains, gang wars and Organized Crime are linked together in many ways. Within this paper, I will show how they are all tied together in. The M-13’s are the largest reported gang controlling large areas of our states. However, the largest area to which the MS-13’s controlRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pages| | |There are approximately 870,000 sworn law enforcement officers now serving in the United States. | |   | |About 11.3 percent of them are female. | |

Against Legalizing Homosexual Marriages Essay - 1293 Words

Against Legalizing Homosexual Marriages The legalized marriage of individuals with the same gender is drawing more attention these days. When asked, most people want to avoid the subject of homosexuality altogether or they have a very strong opinion on it. The debate over whether the United States should allow homosexual couples to marry legally is giving rise to a new social dilemma in our country. This question has courtrooms nervous, churches wavering and equal rights activists angry. Courtrooms should be nervous though. Our courts, which have mishandled abortion, may be on the verge of mishandling homosexual marriages (Wilson 34). The judges of the Supreme Court of Hawaii might possibly legalize gay marriages in the near†¦show more content†¦According to Jet Magazine, in March of 1996, USA Today/CNN did a gallop telephone poll of 1,008 adults and came to some interesting conclusions. The number of people who believe homosexuality is acceptable has gone up 10 percentage points since 1982 . . . 44 percent of the people surveyed found homosexuality to be acceptable. But, while leading an alternative lifestyle is more acceptable to many, the poll also showed that 68 percent of the respondents think marriages between homosexuals shouldnt be recognized by law or have the same benefits as traditional marriages (8). These respondents were all adults, but what about children? How are they affected? Children are our nations most valuable assets. It is one thing to be born into a heterosexual family, and then many years later find out that one of the parents is homosexual. It is considerably different to be adopted as an infant and learn from the beginning years that drastic differences exist between most other children and yourself. The long-term effect on children in these circumstances is still a very new area of research, so there is not much data available. However, we know that young children tease one another unmercifully; adding this dimension does not seem to be a step in the right direction (Wilson 38). Adoption of children by gay couples is an area where homosexuals believe they can make significant strides in their struggle to legalize homosexual marriage. Gay rights activistsShow MoreRelatedRedefining Marriage in Our Country1390 Words   |  6 PagesStates. Gay marriage will have an effect on the country, and the people need to decide whether it will be a positive or negative outcome. â€Å"When you talk about redefining marriage, youre really talking about an overthrow of this natural order or natural law, because marriage is something that predates government. So this is a big deal, a once-in-a-lifetime debate about whether to overturn the natural order upon which our rights are based† (Masci 1). The societal risks of legalizing gay marriage far outweighRead MoreMarriage : A Right Or Privilege?1210 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage: A Right or Privilege? Marriage is a well known social norm that is practiced in most societies. In many societies, marriage is recognized as the legal bond between one man and one woman, especially in the United States. However, beginning popularity in the 21st century, the debate on same-sex marriage has grown exponentially. Many people argue that by denying same-sex couples the right to marry they are taking away their fundamental rights as citizens. There are also some arguments thatRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of same-sex marriage is a hot topic in the U.S. approving, it in all fifty states can be harmful to the country. Same-sex marriage should not have been legalized in the United States. First, legalizing can be harmful to the society, Second, same-sex marriage it always denies a child a father or a mother, Third, legalizing It Offends some religions and violates tradition. In addition, It means all citizens should have understood of the consequences before making the decision. OneRead MoreLegalization of Same-Sex Marriage1446 Words   |  6 Pageswould be continued or ended. This decision is not one that is made lightly, but for homosexual couples, it isnt one that is often afforded. Now that being homosexual is becoming socially accepted, homosexuals are demanding the same rights and benefits as others (The Gay Rights Movement). Many homosexual Americans believe that they are being excluded from â€Å"one of the basic civil rights of man (Support for same-sex marriage hits new high; half say Constitution guarantees right†). They have formed organizationsRead MoreLet Us Legalize Gay Marriage Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesOr is it? When the topic of Gay Marriage arises in conversation, the main Anti-Gay point would be that the Bible does not agree with it. [Jones, Michael] Last time I checked, and according to the first amendment, the Bible has no standing power in American law. [Why Would We?] Therefore, the people of the United States should vo te Yes on legalizing Gay Marriage. People are being harmed, people are being discriminated against, and by opposing Gay Marriage you are essentially condoning fellowRead MoreGays Should Be Legal Contract1290 Words   |  6 PagesGays Should Be Allowed To Marry Calling something marriage does not make it marriage. Marriage is a legal contract between a man and a woman. It is the institution that establishes kinship and relations in the family. Marriage is mostly recognized by a state, organization, religious authority, local community, or peers. Marriage is for procreation, education, the unity, and well-being of the couple. Some say marriage is for two people who love each other and ready for commitment. Nevertheless, inRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1684 Words   |  7 PagesGay marriage In discussions of gay marriage one controversial issue has been whether or not it should be legalized. On the one hand, some people argue that gay marriage should not be accepted in our society. On the other hand, some people believe that gay marriage should be legalized. Others even maintain that gay marriage is not a problem, and we should respect the preferences of everyone. My personal view is that gay marriage is not a big issue because we are in a free country, where everyoneRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1691 Words   |  7 PagesIn discussions of gay marriage one controversial issue has been whether or not it should be legalized. On the one hand, some people argue that gay marriage should not be accepted in our society. On the other hand, some people believe that gay marriage should be legalized. Others even maintain that gay marriage is not a problem, and we should respect the preferences of everyone. My personal view is that gay marriage is not a big issue because we are in a free country, where everyone has to respectRead MoreEssay about Phi 103 Final Gay Marriage1230 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Why Gay Marriage Should Be Legal PHI103 EraniaSmallwood Instructor Elisa Paik May 31,2013 Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according toRead MoreAmy And Lin Have Recently Become Friends After Working1059 Words   |  5 Pagesmuch of a supporter for LGBTQ rights. To be honest, I was pretty against legalizing same-sex marriage. LIN: Oh? I was ecstatic when the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage in every state. Personally, I viewed it as our country finally taking a step forward in expanding equality. If you don’t mind me asking why are you so against LGBTQ rights and same-sex marriage? AMY: It’s just wrong, don’t you think? It completely goes against my and many other people’s religious beliefs too. LIN: Before we

The Ethical Issue And Unethical Issue - 1684 Words

Lately, web theft or document sharing of copyrighted material has increased much prevalence. It is a theme that has unendingly started level headed discussion and has even gotten worldwide consideration. In spite of the fact that at first glance the demonstration of document sharing may appear to be innocuous, it is a long way from it. Every year, film and record generation organizations and in addition programming and computer game improvement organizations experience the ill effects of billions of dollars in lost benefits. This misfortune comes as an immediate consequence of web robbery. Numerous concur that document sharing is unscrupulous and consider it to be the same than out and out robbery. Then again, there are those that bolster document sharing and case that their activities are effortlessly supported and moral. This essay will give a brief review and history of record sharing, it will consider the contentions of every side, define the deference between ethical issue and u nethical issue and lastly will offer my own perceptions and position on the issue. Document sharing, put just, is the procedure of making accessible and dispersing records by means of the web. Numerous uninhibitedly created applications have been made accessible that streamline this procedure, giving the capacity to effectively hunt down, download, and transfer any bit of computerized substance possible. These applications are generally alluded to as P2P or Peer-to-peer applications as theyShow MoreRelatedEthical Decisions1017 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decisions July 8, 2012 Ethical Decisions Every individual is faces with ethical decisions every day in both their personal and professional lives. To avoid making unethical decisions, one must know what leads to poor decision making. Once a person knows what leads to the poor decision, they must find ways to resist making an unethical act. A person cannot make the right choice if they do not know how to avoid it. A leader must also know how to inspire ethical decisions withinRead MoreEthical And Ethical Dilemmas Of An Ethical Culture That Can Prevent Unethical Behavior Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesManagement’s role in creating an Ethical culture that can prevent unethical behavior 1 Management’s role in creating an Ethical culture that can prevent unethical behavior. Author: Lereiya Edmonson Martin Class: MGMT 630 In any organization, there are rules and regulations employees must follow for it to run smoothly. Therefore, this paper gives five types of ethical dilemmas that can occur in a work setting, and it will also help you understand ethical dilemmas managers faced when making aRead MoreUnethical Decision : Unethical Decisions1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In recent years, unethical decision in the workplace has caused varieties of problems and unnecessary cost in managing organizations. Therefore, it has become a serious issue in society and attracted the public attention. Individual characteristics, issue characteristics and organizational environment are the factors that can influence employees’ unethical decisions at work. In this article, the aim is to explain why unethical decisions result from individuals’ choice rather than workRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead MorePreventing Unethical Behavior in a Company1799 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction The relevance of ethical behavior within an organization cannot be overstated. Regardless of the obvious need for the establishment of a strong ethical foundation within the organization, some businesses seem to shy away from the implementation of firm ethical practices. The lack of a strong ethical foundation in this case may motivate some officers of such businesses to engage in unethical behavior which could in turn end up costing the entity dearly. In this text, I discussRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Workplace1494 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Issues in the Workplace Student’s Name Task 1 Helen is facing a big problem and challenge as well. This ethical concern can be termed as a challenge rather than a problem since it has not taken a side that can be considered as a problem. The challenge is evident and if the alteration of the financial statement to suit the demands of the customers. In the case Helen changes the document then she will have gone against accounting ethical codes. If she fails to adjust the financialRead MoreEthics And Legal Considerations : Strategic Management1086 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic planning to make decision. Ethical issues can arise in strategic management when a decision is made to advance goals that have negative consequences (Bianca, n.d.). Many times, these decisions are made for self-gain while not benefiting the company or its stakeholders. There are two approaches to organizational integrity. They are the compliance based approach and the integrity-based approach. The compliance-based ethics is a program for building an eth ical organization that has goals to preventRead MoreHow Do Family And Personal Issues Affect Leadership Performance?1293 Words   |  6 Pageshappens when the family and personal life is out of balance? Can it be linked to unethical behaviors at the workplace in leaders? Personal and family stresses can have an effect on leadership decision and critical thinking. If leadership or employees are dealing with family and personal issues outside of work, it can be difficult to manage workplace problems in sound and efficient manner. So how do family and personal issues affect leadership performance? Physiologists have referred personal and familyRead MoreEthical Conflicts : Teleological, Deontological And Contemporary Theories Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ethical conflicts is mainly based on teleological, deontological and contemporary theories. ANALYSIS OF ETHICAL ISSUES Teleological theory is based on the consequence of an action and not about the action itself. It mainly focuses on the outcome an action will produce even though the action is unethical. If the outcome is ethical even when actions leading to it are unethical, then this theory is technological theory. It looks into the future if an action done. For example, a businessmanRead MorePrice Reduction And Unethical Purchasing Behaviour849 Words   |  4 Pageswill continue to investigate more on to what extend the price offers convinced customer to unethically purchase and abandon their ethical intention. As shown on figure 4.4.2, the mean scores tend to increase along with the increasing in the degree of price reduction of unethical products for both Thais and UK charts. This means that both nations tend to accept unethical garment if it offer a price reduction. Also, on every degrees of price saving, Thai have more tendency to buy unethically made cloth

Plant Society for BP Oil Company - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePlant Society for BP Oil Company. Answer: Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze two main aspects in a workplace. In this case, the main aspects of study are development of fictional scenario in a workplace and development of script based on the ethical dilemma or simply values of conflicts that have been presented in the scenario. It is very important to note that, in any workplace setup, there are a lot of situations that may take place at any particular time and may result to sever effects to the workers and the environment. Therefore, our scenario under consideration will result to ethical dilemma in workplace that will bring great loss of the employees with adverse effects to the environment. It is therefore very important to ensure acute relationships among all the stakeholders in any workplace setup to avoid such ethical dilemma that can cause loss of lives and negative impact to the environment. Scenario development. This section involves a specific fictional scenario that outline emergence of ethical dilemma. In this paper, the workplace of our choice is a company dealing with oil products. There are numerous activities that take place in a company dealing with oil products and therefore a great scenario can be drawn from such a workplace setup. The company is widely known as BP Oil Company. The main purposes of the company are oil distribution from one destination to another. The distribution is based on water media such as oceans, seas and lakes. The distribution is also done via land transportation through road transport as well as railway transportation. This simply implies that the company is well connected to many markets all over the world. It is well established that oil product business venture has monopoly characteristics and they tend to be concentrated along a particular line of distributors. To start with, BP Oil Company has ventured into this business for the last seven years. In the first three years, the company was based on five countries where the oil was being transported after being processed in their plant. Later on, the company expanded the distribution to two more countries over the last four years. This called for more workers by the company so as to fill the emerging positions created by the expansions of the business (Thomas, 2009). As said earlier in the context, BP Oil Company is operated by many employees. Both junior and senior employees are equipped with necessary skills and expertise to as to fit in the various jobs tasks and specifications. Each employee is aware of the tasks and other specifications. The scenario that is about to unfold involves shifting of obligations of various workers which led to the ethical dilemma. BP Oil Company is headed by a managing director who oversee the overall activities of the company. At the time of the scenario, the managing director was Mr. Daniel Jobs. Below the managing director are the specific company representatives that take charge of the company activities in the counties that the company hold shares. The company has ventured to five countries which implies that the representatives are five. Then there are chief distributors who move the oil from one destination to another. Two years ago, that is, by the end of year 2015, there was a major shift of the representatives from one country to another by the BP Oil Company. This shift brought a lot of tension to the representatives and other employees. It is a duty of the representative to hold account of all the employees of the company in that country and to coordinate all the activities taking place. By late December 2015, the shifting process was almost done. However, there were two representatives who did not like their new place of work. One of the representative was Daniel Gilbert and the other one was Antony McGregor. Their discomfort arose when Daniel was shifted to a land rock country that was initially headed by Antony. This was not well to both of them but they had to abide to the new rules and regulations governing the BP Oil Company on the shifting process. This meant that Antony was to deal with oil distribution via water transport. That is, through the sea. Then for Daniel, he had to shift from sea oil distribution to railway oil transportation in the new country assigned. This was a complete change of tasks for both of them. Later one, they adopted their new assignment and work was done as planned. However, by July 2016, a funny thing happens. Antony started selling some oil products to some group of people in the sea before the entire capacity was fully uploaded by the company for his personal gains. This brought a lot of tension to other employees of the company involved in the shipping process. They complained to Antony but he could not listen to them. Most of them were his juniors who feared jobs loss from this representative. Therefore, they opted to keep quite as Antony continued with the illegal trade in the sea. Finally, Antony could fix the capacity of the shipment during offloading and all seemed well. This continued for long as BP Oil Company continued to make huge losses in the long run. The junior employees feared their reputations if they reported the case to the managing director of BP Oil Company. After all, Antony was their boss in that particular time. So, they started chipping in in this illegal trade so as to benefit themselves as well. The company incurred huge losses while on the other hand Antony and his team were fully loading their pockets with money generated from the illegal trade. By the end of year 2016, the managing director visited Antony and his team and he wanted to fully enquire what was happening in Antonys cohort of employees and the whole process of shipping the oil. The managing director noted a lot of deficit in the oil supplied since Antony and his team started the shipping of oil in the country. He demanded Antony and his team to fully account for that deficit but they could not due to the bitter truth. The managing director told Antony and his team that their contract and the company would end in the next two months. They were so bitter with the decision of the managing director. Antony and his team decided to continue with the illegal oil trade before their contract end. Later on, Antony noted that there was a lot of oil spilling into the sea during oil siphoning and this was very dangerous. This leads to ethical dilemma of this fictional scenario. Therefore, the next section of this paper will critically analyze the development of script. Script development. The ethical dilemma that has been drawn from this scenario is the spilling of oil into the sea during the illegal siphoning of oil by Antony and his shipment team. All of them are employees of the company mandated to perform the shipping process of oil. They have developed some personal greed during performance of their duties and in the process of shipping, Antony noted oil spilling into the sea. They irony of this is that, Antony did not notify the other employees about the spillage since he was getting a lot of share from the entire illegal activity. Therefore, all the other employees were fully enjoying this extra coin without knowing the anticipated adverse impact that would arise. The representatives from the other countries were bringing a lot of returns to the company unlike Antony and his team of employees. The managing director was worried and tried to figure out what was happening with the team Antony lead in the shipment of oil. The time given to end the contract between the company and Antony with his team was nearing. As a requirement, during the closing of a company trading year, all the representatives of BP oil Company must meet together with the managing director so as to give annual report regarding the activities done on behalf of the company. Therefore, Antony and the other representatives were to meet so as to submit and analyze the annual report of each representative. Later on, they were to compile a common annual report of the company based on the reports submitted by each representative. However, all the other employees are left to continue with their activities as stipulated in the companys employment act. This implied that, in case Antony was to attend the meeting on annual report, his team of workers would continue with the activities spelt out by the company. For the case of Antony, his employees would probably continue with the process of siphoning illegal oil in the sea. Three weeks before the termination of contract between the company and Antony, the managing director of BP Oil Company called for a meeting of all the representatives of the company so as to submit the annual report. Therefore, Antony left his team of employees to continue with the shipment as he represents them in the annual general meeting. The mistake that Antony failed to tell the team is that a lot of oil have been spilled during the illegal siphoning of oil. He failed to alert them hoe dangerous this would be to them and the environment. This was a huge mistake done by Antony. On 3rd February 2017 after Antony had left for annual general meeting, his team shipped the oil to the sea as usual. They had planned to siphon the oil in the sea as usual so as to generate illegal income for them and their boss, Mr. Antony. However, this was a bad day for them. At their actual place of illegal trade, a mistake happened. There was a lot of oil spillage in the gulf and none of the worker could note. Few hours later, a broad bang was hard from the sea shores followed by huge smoky fog. This was later realized that the team failed to control oil spillage as Antony could do. They therefore left the over spillage to occur which later on resulted to fire bursts in the sea. All of them were burnt beyond recognition and died. There was a lot of oil spillage in the gulf and this brought a lot of damage to the people surrounding and the environment. During the meeting that Antony was present, news came that all of the company employees shipping oil on behalf of BP Oil Company died in a dangerous fire bust resulted by a lot of oil spillage in the gulf. Antony could not believe on what was reported, he cried but all in vain. The company was so disappointed and required him to explain what had happened. This result to what is known as BP Oil Company gulf spill. It took many lives of BP Oil Company and brought a lot of damage to the environment. The lives lost were very many and the company needed to set out mechanisms to determine reasons and rationalizations from that incident. The stakeholders involved in this committee were all the representatives including Antony who was a key suspect in the reported case. The managing director was also part of the committee. The environmental assistant who needed answers on the oil gulf spill. The police commissioner was among all the stakeholders involved in BP Oil Company gulf spill. The main argument was to discuss the compensation plan of the employees who died. The compensation of the company for oil lost, actions to be taken to Antony and the effect of oil spillage on the environment. Therefore, a lot needed to be done. People had started complaining about the effects of oil spillage to the environment and they reported those cases for further action to be taken against the company (Arnold, 2010). The company decided to dismiss Antony on the basis of negligence and he was required to pay for all the damages succumbed by the employees of the company as a compensation plan. The company tried to follow the compensation of the oil lost with no major progress on the same. The issue of effects of BP Oil Company gulf spill remained the only issue that this ethical dilemma had great impact together with lives lost. The effects of this dilemma affected both the community and the environment. The effects can be outlined in great extent to the maritime creatures which later on spread to land. A lot of marine creatures died as result of oil spill. This minimized the amount oxygen in the water that made animals in the gulf to die. There were no new species reproduced for a long period of time. The number of fish in the sea reduced thus bringing the supply of fish product in the area at zero level. Again, when the oil evaporated into the atmosphere, there were cases of acid rains that affected building in the area. The future generation of the community was at risk when they consumed fish from the gulf. Children with disability were born at that time due t presence of mercury in the fish. Again, most of the employees of BP Oil Company come from the region. When they died, their families faced difficulties on how to reveal their bodies. Again, it affected the economy of these families since they highly depended on these employees for basic needs and other essentials in a family setup. The spillage of oil left them with no clean water for consumption. This also limited the number of visitors or rather tourists to the gulf since the water was no longer clean for human consumption and recreation. All these adverse effects made community to demand for compensation from the company. The argument from the company to counter the reasons and rationalizations was to fully compensate the community for the damage brought by the company. However, many of the stakeholders denied this option claiming that the company was clean and Antony was to blame. The most powerful and persuasive response was to ask the stakeholder to put into consideration the community suffering that was caused by negligence of one of the companys employee. Negligence by Antony reciprocated negligence by the company by laws of proportionality. Later on, the stakeholders agreed to compensate the community and laid down mechanisms to improve the environment. In summary that was the BP Oil Company gulf spill ethical dilemma that effected the environment and many employees lost their lives. References. Arnold, J. (2010). Coaching Skills for Leaders in the Workplace: How to Develop, Motivate and Get the Best from Your Staff. How to Books. Thomas, K.W. (2009). Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers.

Football and Personal Development Essay Example For Students

Football and Personal Development Essay Football, in my opinion, is among one of the top sports that exists. Football has always had a positive impact on me and has enhanced the quality of my life. Ive been in the game for about 11 years, and I cant imagine having a better life had I not chosen to take it up as a hobby. It benefits me socially, physically and mentally. When facing the challenges that life throws at me, it basically makes everything easier and less complicated. Staying away from trouble is always hard; however, having a hobby occupies the time used to cause trouble and do bad. I tried out at football. Ive always had raw talent when it comes to football. Deciding to cash in on my skill in the sport and not just waste my life made me realize how helpful this sport really was. I refused to do drugs or consume alcohol in fear of deteriorating my performance. I got really really good at the sport and my self-esteem grew. Soon after, I got ambitious. I wanted to be a professional footballer. All of my time became dedicated to football and school. There was no time for trouble. Exercising is now a habit. What easier way to exercise, than to do it when youre having fun doing something you love? Playing football doesnt even feel like a workout. It’s all fun and games, but, in fact, youre maintaining your health and physical image simultaneously. Relieving stress and reducing depression is much easier, improving your mood and how others perceive you. Football not only exercises you physically but it also exercises you mentally. Relieving stress and reducing depression is much easier, improving your mood and how others perceive you. A healthy brain helps me while playing but more importantly, it also helps me academically. Playing football offers more than just the physical activities; football helps me socially too. Im now on a team, a group of individuals, friends, which share the same goals and interests. Ive learned how to work with others, develop teamwork and also be a leader. Ive learned to form relationships with peers and have the opportunity to interact with people of other backgrounds, cultures and age. Ironically, every week I make new friends when we face our opponents. I’ve acquired emotional control and discipline and Ive earned the respect of the community. Ive gained a lot of self-confidence due to the respect other have for me. Football has allowed the building and development of my character. I’ve learned how to face my challenges and act mature and sensible during various situations. For example, if I’ve lost a match, I’ve learned that I must deal with the letdown of defeat, cope with my frustration, refocus and work hard to win the following match. I also know how to define my goals and determine the steps necessary to achieve them. Playing a sport opens the door to new experiences and offers unlimited opportunities. Since taking the sport seriously, I’ve travelled around the world for football. I’ve been to Brazil, Sweden, Las Vegas and England in order to better my skills. Because of my expertise, as well as my academic success, I’ve been granted a sports scholarship to go to college to study in my chosen field and to fulfill my dream of becoming a professional. Being a coach is also a possibility, and with my passion for the sport, there will also be many opportunities to pursue my coaching career. In all, I want to conclude that participation in football has benefited me throughout my 11 years. Football changed me for the better. It has increased my quality of life dramatically. Travelling the world, great opportunities, a potential career and a chance to fulfill my dream all derived from the generousity of the sport. To me, it’s not just football, it’s my way of life.

The Crucible Essay Research Paper The CrucibleThe free essay sample

The Crucible Essay, Research Paper The Crucible The Crucible is a drama written by Arthur Miller. It is about a clip of mundane people who use lying as a arm while stating they are pure and spiritual. This narrative is a premier illustration of how people will make anything to acquire what they want, even if it means aching other people. This narrative is about a smattering of misss who use other people to salvage themselves. These misss were caught dancing around a fire and what seemed to be a charming brew. Although these misss were making nil wrong they felt to be on the safe side to state that other people made them dance and subscribe the book of the Satan. Although all the people in this drama is acquiring betrayed or bewraying other people. One of the chief people in this narrative was Abigail Williams. She was average and would make anything to acquire what she wanted. She was in love with an older married adult male and she was covetous of the married woman. Abigail wanted nil more in her unrecorded so to happen a manner to acquire rid of his married woman so she can take her topographic point. In the procedure of non acquiring in problem for dancing in the forests and seeking to acquire the love of her live, she convinced the other misss of aching alot if guiltless people. She got all kinds of people thrown in prison such as Rebecca Nurse and Mary Warren. She got all these people in problem by stating she saw them with the Satan and accused them of enchantress trade. John Proctor started to be a nice cat, but subsequently in the book when his married woman was accused of witchery he seemed to hold changed. He ended up being average and started to mistreat his power to the family amah named Mary Warren who was one of the childs stating prevarications. He told her that if she did non get down stating the truth about her and the other misss so he would kill her. By stating this he showed that he doesn? T attention for anyone except him and his married woman. Even though he knew from the beginning that the misss were lying he allow other guiltless people die. When Mary Warren went to the justice to state the truth she knew either manner that she was ruined. She knew that if she told the truth that the other misss would turn on her and impeach her, but if she didn? T so she knew the John Proctor would make what he said and kill her. She went to the tribunal and merely as she thought the misss said they saw her as a xanthous bird. The lone thing she could believe of to take back what she said and acquire the misss to halt was to state that John Proctor was into witchery and he put a enchantment on her. The misss eventually stopped with their prevarications when they went to far, they started to fault the city managers married woman. After that the justice eventually relized that all of the misss have told nil but prevarications and guiltless people died for nil. That was the terminal of the Salem enchantress tests. This narrative was a good illustration of how life was back so, and how everyone thought they could hold their manner. The Salem enchantress tests killed 100s of guiltless people who died by nil more than prevarications.

How to Explain How Furthering Your Education Will Improve the Lives of Others

How to Explain How Furthering Your Education Will Improve the Lives of OthersWhile most adults understand how furthering your education will improve the lives of others, the vast majority of adults still do not get the opportunity to do so. The truth is that you can help others make it in the world, you just need to learn how to explain how furthering your education will improve the lives of others. Once you get this down, it will be much easier for you to go about doing so.For instance, one of the first things you need to understand is that people in many areas of the world live very stressful lives. These situations are not only stressful for the individual, but they are also stressful for their family members. In fact, many times, these individuals cannot even pay their bills, let alone take care of their family.People in these situations do not understand that they have the opportunity to find out how to better their lives, provided they follow the right path. The first thing you must understand is that once you get a job, your life is not at risk. You should never be afraid to find out how to further your education, because it is likely going to bring you a brighter future.Education is key when it comes to helping others. It is important to make sure that you get the correct education that will allow you to better your lives. You can spend years studying things like math and science, but the most important thing you need to learn is how to explain how furthering your education will improve the lives of others.Once you have been able to obtain an education, it is best to be able to explain how furthering your education will improve the lives of others. After all, people would rather be helped than forced into anything that they don't want to do. They are willing to take the time to learn how to better their lives by getting an education that is going to benefit them in ways they could never imagine.If you can get a good education, there is a good chance tha t you will one day be able to see yourself as future leaders. These people will have the opportunity to help others. It is up to you to teach others how to further their education, because this is the best way to help others.As much as you would like to help your future self, you should realize that your past is still a part of your present. There are many people who have not gotten an education, and this is important to understand. Even though you may not have ever gotten one, you can easily make it into the future if you understand how to explain how furthering your education will improve the lives of others.As people age, it is important to be able to change their life around. As you progress through life, there is no reason why you can't show others how to further their education, because you have a bright future ahead of you. Don't keep this opportunity from them.

buy custom The Political Parties essay

buy custom The Political Parties essay The American health market like the normal commodity market has changed its focus from providing quality services to maximizing the quantity of services provided to maximize profits, which they have succeeded in, but at the expense of the peoples welfare. There is a significant difference in the quality health care provided by salaried doctors and that provided by doctors who were paid per service, with the salaried doctors exhibiting better quality service delivery. These incentives have also caused many doctors to turn their backs on patients who cannot afford their services, which beats the purpose of being a doctor. The quality of healthcare in the United States relative to that of other countries has been a major issue. A free market approach to healthcare much like the market for other commodities has been argued by one political advocacy to result in low quality healthcare as doctors compromise the quality of healthcare in favor of quantity and has been found to result in higher mortality rates (Hoffman, 2003). The cost of healthcare in the United States relative to its economy is the highest in the world. There is need for a fiscal policy that will bring the costs of healthcare under control and ensure universal coverage of health care in America in the long run. The inconsistent coverage in health care has been a major concern. For example, a 2009 Harvard study found that there were more than 44800 deaths in the United States every year cause by lack of health insurance. It was also found that there were thousands of others who died annually due to lack of medical care. The following essay covers the current health care condition in America and the stance of political parties in regards to the same and to reforms. Health reform has been discussed and debated by political parties in the United States for a long time with every party having a different opinion from the other and sometimes from the public. All Americans agree that there is need for health reform in America but few are willing to pay for it. There also seems to be a lack of consensus on the best approach with approximately 40 percent being democrats, 30 percent being republicans and 30 percent being independent (Birn, 2003). The main difference in the stance taken by the political parties is whether to improve the quality of health care by giving the public control over health care, an approach advocated for by the republicans or to provide universal coverage and allow for government intervention, the democratic approach. While majority of Americans think that health care reforms should be addressed now, they cannot seem to decide on the timing. In light of other urgent matters such as the economic condition of the country the majority of the democrats think that the health care reform issue should be tackled immediately, while the majority of republicans think that at the moment health care reform is not affordable (Wainess, 1999). When it comes to the question of raising money to cater for health care reform, the democrats favor government based funding. They support the ideology of increasing taxes for the wealthiest and also on unhealthy health practices such as smoking. The republicans on the other hand recommend that Americans be charged with the responsibility of funding this reform. The Republican stance Therepublicans unlike the Democrats believe in giving the power to make decisions to the people rather than to the government. When it comes to health reform therefore their focus is on the patient and his needs and wants rather than the government. Their main goal is the provision of better quality health care at lower costs. They disagree with the democrats goal of offering increased access without lowering costs. Republicans claim to have a bill that is workable and that will cover all Americans without costing the tax payer any money. This bill, the Empowering Patients First Act which they proposed as a replacement for the amendment of the Senate bill was rejected by the Senate Finance Committee. Their reasons were that this bill would not reduce the number of people without insurance cover and was feared to actually reduce health insurance coverage since it would do away with mandated coverage rules that are in operation in some States. The insurance companies would than benefit from more government funds by coming up with new insurance subsidies. The republicans however, maintained their stand since they beleve that charging the public with this responsibility is bound to increase doctors accountability and to increase competition therefore reducing costs. For a long time the republicans have been against government control in the health sector and advocate for private medicine practice as opposed to socialized medicine. The republicans objectives in advocating for less government involvement include encouraging the promotion of health and the prevention of diseases, protection of the citizens from restructuring effort that would result in rationing or complicated health care, create a cooperative environment among the health providers, the patients, the stakeholders and payers in the health care system and eliminating government interference between the health care providers and their patients (Williamson, 1994). Their stance basically is one of increasing the patients control, their accessibility and affordability of health care. They also disagree with the democrats policy of increasing taxes for whichever class and government subsidies instead of lowering costs. They advocate for patients empowerment and reducing government intervention therefore curbing the bureaucracy that comes with the involvement of the government. Their argument against the involvement of the government is the lack of progress so far in light of their intervention. Their goal is to improve the quality and coverage of health insurance at lower costs. In their view, health care provider and American citizens, not the government is key to real health reform. They believe that Americans have the right to an affordable health care plan which meets their needs. Therefore it is imperative that insurances be made more affordable by lowering premiums, and more secure. They also advocate for the employees choice to own coverage apart from the one offered by the employer or one linked to the job. The patients, not the insurance companies need to have the upper hand and the insurance companies need to strive to keep patients business as opposed to the patients striving to keep their insurance covers. Republicans are concerned about the inequalities exhibited in the current tax system. In the current tax system the high income employees enjoy better health tax benefits compared to other Americans who cannot afford a health care plan. Part of their goal is to ensure all Americans receive equal tax benefits, whatever the means of their insurance. Tax reform is another strategy that would reduce health care costs significantly. Inefficiencies in healthcare have been partly perpetuated by a lack of clarity in regards to health insurance costs and the bearer of these costs in employment. Health insurance provided by providers is currently exempted from tax and it has been argued that taxing employer based health insurance would increase the tax revenue significantly. The Economist, in November 2009 estimated the increase in tax revenue in the event that employer based health insurance was taxed to be 215 billion dollars. Tax payers are more likely to change the system or their behavior that will impact on demand for health care services. Besides ensuring individuals are in control of their health care, Republicans are committed to helping lower cost, improving quality of care as well as helping Americans adopt a healthier life and a culture of wellness. They also advocate for preventive measures such as vaccines and improved nutrition. An example is strategy suggested in aiding medical cost reduction is measures towards lowering obesity. Preventing overweight and obesity issues prevents a large number of diseases related to these conditions whose treatment is rather costly such as heart disease, cancer among others. Therefore lowering obesity is bound to significantly reduce healthcare costs. They also advocate for less smoking and consumption of alcohol (Willimson, 1994). This is bound to lower the demand for health care services and therefore lower its prices. They also advocate for equal treatment of mental health care with physical health care. Access to health care should not only be limited to those seeking physical health care but also to those seeking mental healthcare. One of the strategies that the republicans advocate for that is bound to lower costs is increasing competition. This can be achieved by providing the citizens with perfect information concerning health care so that they make informed decisions about health care and health providers. This should increase competition and consequently lower costs. The republicans believe in the betterment of medical research especially by funding it. This would be accomplished by using comparative effective research among other tools. This would ensure that there is a body that is charged with the specific task of ensuring that the medical and healthcare field was at its best at all times. It would also be responsible for carrying out regulatory measures to ensure the healthcare system was based on quality service provision rather than quantity. Incentives presently being used by the health care system have been criticized as aiding in increasing health care costs. One of their major problems with current incentives is that doctors get paid for the number of services provided rather than receiving a constant salary. While this is aimed at encouraging them to provide more health services it could also cause them to compromise on quality services in bid to maximize the quantity of health care provided and in turn increase profits. Fully insured patients also contribute to the high health care costs since they have no incentive to consider minimal costs when choosing among alternative treatment methods. This has the effect of increased premiums by the insurance companies to all. The republicans stress the importance of appreciating the health providers who do a good job and rewarding them. They should be paid for the quality of work they provide and not by the number or tests run or the cases they treat. The use of technology can be used to improve record keeping by making it digital therefore easy to store and to access. Technology is devoid of human error therefore making it more reliable. It encourages low costs, more efficient record keeping and more accurate treatment. Recently a lot of funds have been directed towards improper payments that amount to medicare fraud. These crimes are highly lucrative for the perpetrators and are often difficult to trace. However, seeing as the amount of money that is lost to these fraudulent cases amounts to 60 billion dollars every year, there is need to address this issue and adapt measures to apprehend the perpetrators while preventing the likelihood of their successful perpetration. Thorough auditing needs to be done and more transparency and accountability measures implemented if these monies are to be saved (Cook, 2007). These fraudulent practices besides costing the government a lot of money, may lead to lawsuits directed at the doctors often. Lawsuits often have the effect of increasing insurance rates and consequently increasing the costs of health care. The Democrats stance The democrats most consistent advocacy for years has been increasing health care coverage in the United States by advocating for access of health care to everyone. They have fought for the public to have some basic assurance and security in health care. A research study in Health Affairs found that 50 percent of personal bankruptcies were a result of medical bills, a finding that indicated the inconsistency in health care coverage in the United States. Over the years a couple of the presidents of the United States have taken measures towards the achievement of this goal, and most recently President Obama increased health care coverage to include four million children who do not have insurance cover. Therefore it advocates for public funded systems which have been found to result in high quality healthcare. This group has also criticized the quality of managed care and that of health maintenance organizations. The shortage of doctors and nurses in the United States is another issue of concern for the democrats. A shortage of medical practitioners means healthcare services will become scarcer and therefore increase in cost. With an average of 2 to 3 doctors for every a thousand people, the doctors are swamped as it is. A deterioration of this statistic would mean less accessibility to quality medical care in addition to increased health care costs. They therefore advocate for the training of more doctors and nurses since the more they are the more likely the public security in health care since it means more doctors are available per a particular number of people (Cook, 2007). Another measure that the democrats have advocated for is the bill passed concerning insurance coverage for persons with pre existing conditions. In the near future, uninsured adults who lack insurance on the basis of pre existing conditions will be able to acquire insurance coverage via a new program. Buy custom The Political Parties essay